The Impact of Incarceration on Wage Mobility and Inequality

Western, Bruce

doi:10.2307/3088944

Cited by 533 publications

(552 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Toowoomba also has a significant offender population (Department of Justice and Attorney-General, 2014), therefore employment opportunities for those with a criminal record are crucial. The sampling frame (N=1,505) was compiled from businesses listed in the Toowoomba Yellow Pages (Merrilees, Bentley & Cameron, 1999) and included a range of industries with low-skilled, entry level type positions, suitable for employment of ex-offenders (ABS, 2015;Western, 2002).…”

Section: Research Site and Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Employers also anticipate poor physical and/or mental health, as well as substance abuse issues may negatively impact work performance (Holzer, Raphael & Stoll, 2002). Furthermore, ex-offenders typically present with low levels of education, limited vocational skills and poor work histories, reducing their employment options to low-skilled, low-wage entry level jobs (Fahey et al, 2006;Western, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An exception to the rule: Belief in redeemability, desistance signals, and the employer’s decision to hire a job applicant with a criminal record

Reich

2017

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

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Section: Research Site and Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exception to the rule: Belief in redeemability, desistance signals, and the employer’s decision to hire a job applicant with a criminal record

Reich

2017

Journal of Offender Rehabilitation

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“…A sizeable literature points to the negative effects of punishment for socioeconomic attainment (e.g., Bernburg & Krohn, 2003;Kirk & Sampson, 2013;Mueller-Smith, 2015;Western, 2002). If social reactions to deviance is a major factor in this pathway, criminal justice policies may need to be revised with an eye on minimizing their counterproductive consequences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antisocial and human capital pathways to socioeconomic exclusion: A 42-year prospective study.

Savolainen

Mason

Lyyra

et al. 2017

Developmental Psychology

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Nordic welfare states have been very successful at reducing poverty and inequality among their citizens. However, the presence of a strong social safety net in these countries has not solved the problem of socioeconomic exclusion, manifesting in such outcomes as chronic unemployment and welfare dependency. In an effort to understand this phenomenon, the current study builds on the assumption that psychological risk factors emerge as important determinants of socioeconomic disadvantage in an environment where ascribed characteristics have less impact on educational and occupational attainment. Using data from Finland, this research examined a life course model linking childhood differences in cognitive skills and antisocial propensity to midlife socioeconomic exclusion. The Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (n = 369) follows individuals from age 8 (b. 1959) through age 50. Evidence from a structural equation model found support for key theoretical predictions: (a) human capital and antisocial pathways contributed independently to socioeconomic exclusion; (b) the effect of childhood psychological factors on midlife socioeconomic exclusion was mediated by adolescent and adult life course outcomes; and (c) the human capital and antisocial domains intersected such that antisocial children struggled in school as adolescents, which contributed to their persistence in crime and deviance in adulthood—a behavioral pattern that directly increased the risk of socioeconomic exclusion in midlife. In short, the findings suggest that early emerging differences in cognitive ability and antisociality set in motion a process of negative life outcomes with enduring consequences for socioeconomic well-being. The results are discussed from the perspective of sociohistorical context and public policy.

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“…We can think of them in terms of their focus: sentencing, alternatives to incarceration, decriminalization, and reducing reentry. However, if the goal is to reduce the U.S. prison population in the long-run, it means moving beyond study of the web of social problems created by current practices (Braman 2004;Bushway 2004;Patterson 2013;Patterson and Wildeman 2015;Travis et al 2014;Visher and Travis 2003;Western 2002). It requires making population informed policies and legislation that integrate the complex population dynamics that characterize prison populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Strategies, Complexities, and Realities of Zero Prison Population Growth

Patterson

2017

Social Sciences

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Abstract:Although there is general consensus that growth in the prison population should be reversed, there is little agreement on how to achieve this goal. In this paper, I apply classic demographic methods to answer questions that assess the strategies, complexities, and realities of routes to zero and negative prison population growth. Modified admissions policies have had the greatest impact on halting growth, whereas decreasing the length of sentences has had only a modest, short-term influence on the prison population size. As state and federal policy-makers consider reducing sentences for selective classes of nonviolent offenders, it is important that they have a holistic understanding of the implications of such policies. Traditionally, this type of modification has been coupled with more punitive policies for violent offenders, a pattern that reinforces the appearance of having "tough on crime" policies. Model estimates show that such strategies countervail the overall goal of decreasing the size of the prison population. Regardless of underlying reasons to halt growth of the prison populations, integration of the formal demography enable a means to assess the shortand long-term consequences of current and future policy.

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The Impact of Incarceration on Wage Mobility and Inequality

Cited by 533 publications

References 33 publications

An exception to the rule: Belief in redeemability, desistance signals, and the employer’s decision to hire a job applicant with a criminal record

An exception to the rule: Belief in redeemability, desistance signals, and the employer’s decision to hire a job applicant with a criminal record

Antisocial and human capital pathways to socioeconomic exclusion: A 42-year prospective study.

The Strategies, Complexities, and Realities of Zero Prison Population Growth

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