The impact of increasing temperatures on dormancy duration in Calanus finmarchicus

Pierson, James J.; Batchelder, Harold P.; Saumweber, Whitley J.; Leising, Andrew W.; Runge, Jeffrey A.

doi:10.1093/plankt/fbt022

Cited by 34 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The emergence of zooplankton from benthic habitats may be affected by differing spring warming schedules (Mackas et al, 2012) than phytoplankton, which are affected by events in the euphotic zone and surface warming. The entry of C. finmarchicus diapause has been hypothesized to be controlled by the amount of lipid accumulated prior to diapause (Johnson et al, 2008); while the duration and exit of C. finmarchicus diapause is mainly controlled by bottom temperature-dependent metabolic depletion rate of lipid (Saumweber and Durbin 2006;Pierson et al 2013) (Pierson et al, 2013;Saumweber and Durbin, 2006). Surface temperature at onset of diapause is a better proxy of diapause duration than winter/spring temperature (Johnson et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spring bloom dynamics and zooplankton biomass response on the US Northeast Continental Shelf

Friedland

Leaf

Kane

et al. 2015

Continental Shelf Research

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a b s t r a c tThe spring phytoplankton bloom on the US Northeast Continental Shelf is a feature of the ecosystem production cycle that varies annually in timing, spatial extent, and magnitude. To quantify this variability, we analyzed remotely-sensed ocean color data at two spatial scales, one based on ecologically defined sub-units of the ecosystem (production units) and the other on a regular grid (0.5°). Five units were defined: Gulf of Maine East and West, Georges Bank, and Middle Atlantic Bight North and South. The units averaged 47 Â 10 3 km 2 in size. The initiation and termination of the spring bloom were determined using change-point analysis with constraints on what was identified as a bloom based on climatological bloom patterns. A discrete spring bloom was detected in most years over much of the western Gulf of Maine production unit. However, bloom frequency declined in the eastern Gulf of Maine and transitioned to frequencies as low as 50% along the southern flank of the Georges Bank production unit. Detectable spring blooms were episodic in the Middle Atlantic Bight production units. In the western Gulf of Maine, bloom duration was inversely related to bloom start day; thus, early blooms tended to be longer lasting and larger magnitude blooms. We view this as a phenological mismatch between bloom timing and the "top-down" grazing pressure that terminates a bloom. Estimates of secondary production were available from plankton surveys that provided spring indices of zooplankton biovolume. Winter chlorophyll biomass had little effect on spring zooplankton biovolume, whereas spring chlorophyll biomass had mixed effects on biovolume. There was evidence of a "bottom up" response seen on Georges Bank where spring zooplankton biovolume was positively correlated with the concentration of chlorophyll. However, in the western Gulf of Maine, biovolume was uncorrelated with chlorophyll concentration, but was positively correlated with bloom start and negatively correlated with magnitude. This observation is consistent with both a "top-down" mechanism of control of the bloom and a "bottom-up" effect of bloom timing on zooplankton grazing. Our inability to form a consistent model of these relationships across adjacent systems underscores the need for further research.Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spring bloom dynamics and zooplankton biomass response on the US Northeast Continental Shelf

Friedland

Leaf

Kane

et al. 2015

Continental Shelf Research

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“…We therefore have two possibilities: there is an inter-species difference in lipid accumulation in the two species, or that observed differences between the two species are largely because smaller individuals have lower lipid levels. The relationship between body length and wax ester content in C. finmarchicus is very significant, with CV individuals of prosome length 2 mm having total absolute wax ester content over 5 times lower than those of individuals with prosome lengths of 2.7 mm (Pierson et al, 2013;Pepin et al, 2011;Saumweber and Durbin 2006). The majority of reported wax ester levels for C. helgolandicus CV have been in the English Channel, and the highest reported value value is 55 lg C (Rey-Rassat et al, 2002b).…”

Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 97%

“…The majority of reported wax ester levels for C. helgolandicus CV have been in the English Channel, and the highest reported value value is 55 lg C (Rey-Rassat et al, 2002b). C. finmarchicus CV have on average 50 lg C of wax ester (Pierson et al, 2013) when their prosome lengths are 2 mm. This is approximately the size of C. helgolandicus CV in the English Channel.…”

Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Throughout most of its geographic range, C. helgolandicus would overwinter at temperatures greater than 10°C, and CV individuals would have body size below 2 mm. Extension of the diapause duration model of Saumweber and Durbin (2006) (updated by Pierson et al, 2013) to C. helgolandicus would indicate a maximum diapause duration of less than 60 days, more than three times shorter than for C. finmarchicus. Respiration rates for overwintering C. helgolandicus are not available in the literature; therefore this is a preliminary prediction.…”

Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

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On the surprising lack of differences between two congeneric calanoid copepod species, Calanus finmarchicus and C. helgolandicus

Wilson

Speirs

Heath

2015

Progress in Oceanography

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The important calanoid copepod species Calanus finmarchicus and C. helgolandicus have distinct geographic ranges which are changing under the influence of climate change. Understanding the mechanisms underlying their distributions is becoming increasingly important as a result of the possible ecological impacts of these range shifts. Here we review inter-species differences in key life cycle traits that influence each species’ geographic distribution, in particular development and growth, fecundity, feeding behaviour, vertical migration and overwintering behaviour. The distinct temperature niche of each species leads to an a priori assumption that the response of life cycle traits to temperature is a key determinant of their contrasting geographic distributions. A new development model was created to reconcile published experimental development times for each species. Model output indicates that at temperatures below approximately 12-13 ˚C, C. finmarchicus is the faster developing species, but above these temperatures C. helgolandicus develops more quickly. Conventionally Calanus development time is assumed to decrease monotonically with temperature; however our model indicates that the response of development time to temperature is instead U-shaped. Differences in life cycle aspects such as seasonality and vertical structuring are interpreted in light of this development model. Body size and lipid accumulation abilities could be significant influences on each species’ geographic distribution; however evidence is consistent with inter-species differences not existing for these traits. Published evidence shows that inter-species differences in egg production may exist, but do not follow a clear pattern. Diapause is an important and well studied life cycle adaptation of C. finmarchicus, but has received little attention in C. helgolandicus. We synthesised knowledge of diapause and suggest the hypothesis that C. helgolandicus is restricted to continental shelf regions as a result of an inability to diapause for significant periods. This synthesised view of each species’ respective life cycle traits is that response of growth and development to temperature is the only known difference between each species, which indicates a promising direction for the extension of population models of C. finmarchicus to C. helgolandicus

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“…In addition to anthropogenic threats, climate change is particularly worrisome for right whales because of their reliance on very few prey species. Environmental and ecosystem changes may displace C. finmarchicus from the Gulf of Maine and Scotian Shelf (Reygondeau & Beaugrand 2011) or fundamentally change its survivability in this region owing to significant changes in temperature-controlled diapause duration (Pierson et al 2013, Wilson et al 2016), but the highly specialized zooplanktivorous right whales do not have the luxury of switching to new prey species in these habitats. Right whales are dependent on the lipid-rich calanoid copepods of the Calanidae family (i.e.…”

Section: Threats and Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

North Atlantic right whale foraging ecology and its role in human-caused mortality

Baumgartner¹,

Wenzel²,

Lysiak³

et al. 2017

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Endangered North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis suffer from unacceptably high rates of ship strikes and fishing gear entanglements, but little is known of the role that diving and foraging behavior plays in mediating human-caused mortality. We conducted a study of right whale foraging ecology by attaching tags to whales for short periods of time (hours), tracking their movements during daytime, and repeatedly sampling oceanographic conditions and prey distribution along the whales' tracks. Right whales were tagged from late winter to late fall in 6 regions of the Gulf of Maine and southwestern Scotian Shelf from 2000 to 2010. The diving behavior of the tagged whales was governed by the vertical distribution of their primary prey, the copepod Calanus finmarchicus. On average, right whales tagged during spring spent 72% of their time in the upper 10 m (within the draft of most large commercial vessels), indicating the need for expanded ship speed restrictions in western Gulf of Maine springtime habitats. One out of every 4 whales dove to within 5 m of the sea floor during the short time they were tagged, spending as much as 45% of their total tagged time in this depth stratum. Right whales dove to the sea floor in each habitat studied except for one (where only 1 whale was tagged). This relatively high incidence of near-bottom diving raises serious concerns about the continued use of floating ground lines in pot and trap gear in coastal Maine and Canadian waters.

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The impact of increasing temperatures on dormancy duration in Calanus finmarchicus

Cited by 34 publications

References 46 publications

Spring bloom dynamics and zooplankton biomass response on the US Northeast Continental Shelf

Spring bloom dynamics and zooplankton biomass response on the US Northeast Continental Shelf

On the surprising lack of differences between two congeneric calanoid copepod species, Calanus finmarchicus and C. helgolandicus

North Atlantic right whale foraging ecology and its role in human-caused mortality

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