The Impact of Inflammation on Cognitive Function in Older Adults

Sartori, Andrea; Vance, David E.; Slater, Larry Z.; Crowe, Michael

doi:10.1097/jnn.0b013e3182527690

Cited by 237 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…In most patients, we can observe a connection between disruption of cognitive functions (memory and attention) and disease. Some hypothesize that inflammation or immune dysfunctions, microvascular damage or genetical predisposition can be involved in these changes [1,27] . Complex cancer treatment, endocrinal changes, mood swings (depression and fear) and pro-inflammatory cytokines can negatively influence neuropsychical function and performance of brain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of β-glucan Supplementation on Levels of IgM, IgA, IgG and Its Subclasses IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 in Cancer Patients

et al. 2016

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AIM:The role of β-glucan supplementation on cancer development is well established. In this report we focused on the effects of glucan on levels of individual classes and subclasses of immunoglobulins. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We evaluated the levels of IgM, IgG, IgA, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 in 39 patients diagnosed with breast or colorectal cancer. RESULTS: We found a significant decrease of IgG1 levels in the placebo group, which was particularly pronounced in females. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term glucan supplementation significantly stabilized levels of IgG1 resulting in maintaining anti-infectious immunity. The decrease in IgG1 levels found in the placebo group was clearly caused by a complex therapy of cancer disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of β-glucan Supplementation on Levels of IgM, IgA, IgG and Its Subclasses IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 in Cancer Patients

et al. 2016

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“…First, the emotional problems of coping with such diseases may interfere with cognitive processes through rumination or increased cortisol processes through activation of the HPA axis, which can cause neuroinflammation. 2 Second, as argued in this article, coping with such diseases can reduce the number of hours employed, interfere with one's ability to perform such employment duties, or precipitate an early and unexpected exodus from the employment environment, which unto itself may contribute to negative neuroplasticity if such engagement is not replaced with other stimulating activities ( Figure 1). Although this can be discussed in a variety of diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, for the sake of brevity, this discussion is limited to depression, HIV, breast cancer, and aging due to the authors' expertise in these areas.…”

Section: Incomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 Thus, the resilience acquired from meaningful employment may also reduce stress, which may cause decreased activation of the hypothalamus-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis, resulting in less inflammatory cortisol production, which can be neuroprotective over time. 2,21,22 Thus, meaning and purpose derived from employment may, in some instances, serve as a psychological outlet (catharsis) to help one maintain emotional homeostasis and support routine health-promoting behaviors. Yet, this assumes that one's employment does not introduce excessive work-related conflict and stress that negates its potential positive benefits.…”

Section: Purpose/meaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A prolonged period of such financial stress with accompanying release of cortisol can cause systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, which over time can deplete cognitive reserve. 2,24 In fact, such financial stress has been shown to be a cause of anxiety that contributes to poor mood dysregulation, substance use, and other negative health behaviors, all of which negatively impacts cognitive reserve. 18,25,26 Another way in which employment income can facilitate cognitive reserve is through stimulating active engagement with one's environment.…”

Section: Incomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, many diseases and chronic conditions can alter mitochondrial functioning and create a systemic inflammatory response that over time can compromise neuronal integrity, reduce cognitive reserve, and impair cognitive functioning. 2,3 Cognitive reserve can be increased or decreased in lieu of activities that either require one to adapt to the environment or to disengage from the environment in response to lack of stimulation. These processes are referred to as either positive neuroplasticity or negative neuroplasticity and create observable morphological changes in response to environmental stimuli, which can also impact cognition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of employment on cognition and cognitive reserve: implications across diseases and aging

Vance¹,

Bail²,

Enah³

et al. 2016

NRR

Self Cite

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Employment requires one to learn new skills, establish a routine, and engage socially, all of which can also provide purpose or meaning to one's life and provide income. All of these can directly or indirectly bolster cognitive reserve, which may protect cognitive health, especially as one ages. Unfortunately, if one is incapacitated due to illness, such as depression, HIV, or other diseases and chronic conditions, it may necessitate reduction/withdrawal from employment, which could limit employment-induced cognitive health benefits. This article examines these issues within the framework of neuroplasticity and cognitive reserve, thus providing implications for practice and research for nurses and health care professionals.

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Associations of Food Insecurity and Memory Function Among Middle to Older–Aged Adults in the Health and Retirement Study

Kezios

Jawadekar

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceFood insecurity is a leading public health issue in the US. Research on food insecurity and cognitive aging is scarce, and is mostly cross-sectional. Food insecurity status and cognition both can change over the life course, but their longitudinal relationship remains unexplored.ObjectiveTo examine the longitudinal association between food insecurity and changes in memory function during a period of 18 years among middle to older–aged adults in the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Health and Retirement Study is an ongoing population-based cohort study of individuals aged 50 years or older. Participants with nonmissing information on their food insecurity in 1998 who contributed information on memory function at least once over the study period (1998-2016) were included. To account for time-varying confounding and censoring, marginal structural models were created, using inverse probability weighting. Data analyses were conducted between May 9 and November 30, 2022.Main outcomes and MeasuresIn each biennial interview, food insecurity status (yes/no) was assessed by asking respondents whether they had enough money to buy food or ate less than they felt they should. Memory function was a composite score based on self-completed immediate and delayed word recall task of a 10-word list and proxy-assessed validated instruments.ResultsThe analytic sample included 12 609 respondents (mean [SD] age, 67.7 [11.0] years, 8146 [64.60%] women, 10 277 [81.51%] non-Hispanic White), including 11 951 food-secure and 658 food-insecure individuals in 1998. Over time, the memory function of the food-secure respondents decreased by 0.045 SD units annually (β for time, −0.045; 95% CI, −0.046 to −0.045 SD units). The memory decline rate was faster among food-insecure respondents than food-secure respondents, although the magnitude of the coefficient was small (β for food insecurity × time, −0.0030; 95% CI, −0.0062 to −0.00018 SD units), which translates to an estimated 0.67 additional (ie, excess) years of memory aging over a 10-year period for food-insecure respondents compared with food-secure respondents.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of middle to older–aged individuals, food insecurity was associated with slightly faster memory decline, suggesting possible long-term negative cognitive function outcomes associated with exposure to food insecurity in older age.

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The Impact of Inflammation on Cognitive Function in Older Adults

Cited by 237 publications

References 76 publications

Effect of β-glucan Supplementation on Levels of IgM, IgA, IgG and Its Subclasses IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 in Cancer Patients

Effect of β-glucan Supplementation on Levels of IgM, IgA, IgG and Its Subclasses IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 in Cancer Patients

The impact of employment on cognition and cognitive reserve: implications across diseases and aging

Associations of Food Insecurity and Memory Function Among Middle to Older–Aged Adults in the Health and Retirement Study

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