“…Developments in information and communication technology promote integration of financial markets in the euro area (see, e.g., Hasan and Malkamäki, 2001;Schmiedel et al, 2006), reduce the importance of location for efficiency of transactions, and foster a single market, especially if regulatory barriers are also removed (see Gehrig and Stenbacka, 2007). Information technology serves as a competitive factor in the post-trading industry (Schaper and Chlistalla, 2010).…”