“…1. Secondary data analysis -in which the authors try to develop their own indicators of the level of corruption, or describe the state of the development of corruption relations in a certain period of time based on existing indicators (see, for instance, Adam, Fazekas, 2018, 2021Berru, Batista, Torres-Carrión, Jimenez, 2020;davenport, Mittal, 2023;de Francesco, Trein, 2020;Lima, delen, 2020;Mansour, Taha, Taha, 2023;Norris, 2020;odilla, 2023;Zemankova, 2019). 2.…”