“…Eight trials [26, 29, 30, 46, 50, 53, 54, 56] used pulmonary arterial catheters for monitoring; fourteen trials [3, 11, 14, 32, 33, 36, 42, 44, 48, 49, 51, 55, 62, 64] used esophageal Doppler monitoring; fifteen trials [3, 12, 27, 28, 31, 38, 39, 41, 43, 45, 52, 59–61, 65] used self-calibrating/calibrated pulse contour analysis monitoring; and the remaining eight trials used other monitors, including arterial lines plus monitoring equipment [40], central lines and arterial line sampling [34, 37, 57], pulse oximeters [35, 58], and other noninvasive monitors [13, 47]. Three types of goals were used in the majority of included trials, including DO 2 I and/or cardiac index [13, 26, 29, 30, 43, 46, 50, 53, 54, 56, 59], optimal SV [1, 11, 28, 32, 33, 36, 38, 39, 42, 44, 48, 49, 51, 55], and dynamic measures of preload responsiveness (e.g., PPV, SVV, PVI) [12, 27, 31, 35, 40, 41, 45, 52, 58, 60, 61, 65].…”