The Impact of Lactobacillus Probiotics on the Gut Microbiota in Children With Short Bowel Syndrome

Piper, Hannah G.; Coughlin, Laura; Hussain, Sarah K.; Nguyen, Van Thu; Channabasappa, Nandini; Koh, Andrew Y.

doi:10.1016/j.jss.2020.01.024

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Gut microbiota plays a key role in human health which extends beyond the gut to whole body homeostasis (3,4). Previous studies have reported an altered gut microbiota composition in patients with IF, including a decrease in bacterial diversity (5)(6)(7) and an increase in the abundance of pathogens (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Absence of luminal substrate essential for bacterial growth and sequential 'gut starvation', in patients on PN, is likely to alter production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) which are important products of fiber fermentation, indirectly contributing energy to the host, stimulating gut vascular flow and motility, cell proliferation and differentiation (7,(11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota and its diet‐related activity in children with intestinal failure receiving long‐term parenteral nutrition

Neelis

Koning

Hulst

et al. 2021

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

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BackgroundThis study characterized the gut microbiota and its diet-related metabolic activity in children with intestinal failure (IF) on parenteral nutrition (PN) compared with healthy controls and in relation to disease characteristics. MethodsSerial fecal samples were collected from 15 IF patients (n=68) and from 25 healthy children (n=25). The fecal microbiota, and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were measured. ResultsThe microbiota of patients with IF had a lower bacterial load (p=0.003), Shannon diversity index (p<0.001), taxon evenness (p<0.001) and richness (p=0.006) than healthy controls.Patients with surgical IF had lower α-diversity (p<0.039) than those with functional IF.Patients with IF had less propionic and butyric acid (p<0.001), and more D and L-lactate than healthy controls (p<0.001). The percentage of calories supplied by PN (%PN) was negatively associated with microbiota diversity and influenced SCFA profile. IF patients had more Escherichia-Shigella (p=0.006), Cronobacter (p=0.001) and Staphylococcus (OTU 14, p<0.001) and less Faecalibacterium (p<0.001) and Ruminococcus 1 and 2 (p<0.001).Duration of PN (R 2 =6%, p=0.005), % of calories from PN (R 2 =6%, p=0.005) and fiber intake (R 2 =5%, p=0.011) were predictive of microbiota community structure. A higher intake of enteral nutrition was associated with a microbiota composition and function closer to that of the healthy status.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota and its diet‐related activity in children with intestinal failure receiving long‐term parenteral nutrition

Neelis

Koning

Hulst

et al. 2021

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[ 3 4 5 ] At present, the greatly diverse human microbiota can be sufficiently depicted, but a majority of bacterial species in the context of disorder and health are still unclear. Gut microbial composition in human body has been substantially investigated,[ 6 7 ] however, there are lots to be determined so far, which is partially because that gut microbiota in human body is complicated, and there are excessive uncertain interactions between host and microbe, between microbes and between microbe and the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The differences between fecal microbiota and intestinal fluid microbiota in colon polyps

et al. 2021

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Generally, intestinal microbiota can be classified into intestinal cavity microbiota and mucosal microbiota, among which, the former is the default type. This study aimed to identify the differences between fecal microbiota and intestinal fluid microbiota in colon polys. This study enrolled patients with colon polys who met the Rome-III criteria to carry out 16s rDNA gene sequencing. Then, both fresh feces as well as intestinal fluid was sampled. Thereafter, α/β diversities, together with the heterogeneities with regard to microbial function and structure were assessed among those intestinal fluid and fresh feces samples collected. According to bioinformatics analysis, difference in α-diversity was not statistically significant between intestinal fluid microbiota and fecal microbiota among patients with colorectal polyps (CPs). Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis of β-diversity revealed that differences were of statistical significance between both groups. In addition, linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis displayed great heterogeneities in intestinal microbiota of both groups, including Firmicutes, Clostridia, and Phascolarctobacterium. At the phylum level, difference ( P = .016) in Spirochaetes was statistically significant between the intestinal fluid group and fecal group. At the family level, differences in Bacteroidaceae, Micrococcaceae, F16, Spirocheatacae, Enterobacteriaceae, Cardiobacteriaceae, Turkish Spirobacteriaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, and Dethiosulfovibrionaceae were statistically significant between the 2 groups. At the genus level, there were statistical differences between the 2 groups in terms of Bacteroidetes, Rothia, Actinobacillus, F16, Treponema, Oscillospira, Turicibacter, Sharpea, Heamophilus, Veillonella, and Cardiobacterium. There are statistical differences in the composition between intestinal microbiota and fecal microbiota in CP patients, both of which are equally important and indispensable for analyzing the intestinal microbiota in CP patients.

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“…Broad‐spectrum antibiotics successfully ameliorated liver inflammation and steatosis in SBS animals, 142 but reduced gut adaption 142,143 . Probiotics and prebiotics (Table 2) improved gut adaption and gut barrier function in SBS animals and patients in most studies 144‐153 with several showed no significant improvement 154,155 ; but many probiotics used in these studies encode bsh genes, such as Lactobacillus johnsonii and Bifidobacterium breve . Probiotics with high BSH activity increase bile acid deconjugation, decrease bile acid and lipid absorption, downregulate FXR signals and increase hepatic synthesis of bile acids and lipids 156,157 ; in IF, these effects could aggravate bile acid and lipid dysmetabolism and cause liver cholestasis and steatosis.…”

Section: The Ba‐gm Axis and Clinical Management Of Ifaldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review article: insights into the bile acid‐gut microbiota axis in intestinal failure‐associated liver disease—redefining the treatment approach

Wang

Zhou

Yao

et al. 2021

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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Summary Background Intestinal failure‐associated liver disease (IFALD) increases mortality of patients with intestinal failure (IF), but lacks effective prevention or treatment approaches. Bile acids, gut microbiota and the host have close and complex interactions, which play a central role in modulating host immune and metabolic homeostasis. Increasing evidence suggests that derangement of the bile acid‐gut microbiota (BA‐GM) axis contributes to the development of IFALD. Aims To review the BA‐GM axis in the pathogenesis and clinical applications of IFALD, and to explore future directions for effective disease management. Methods We conducted a literature search on bile acid and gut microbiota in IF and liver diseases. Results The BA‐GM axis demonstrates a unique IF signature manifesting as an increase in primary‐to‐secondary bile acids ratio, disturbed enterohepatic circulation, blunted bile acid signalling pathways, gut microbial dysbiosis, and altered microbial metabolic outputs. Bile acids and gut microbiota shape the compositional and functional alterations of each other in IF; collaboratively, they promote immune dysfunction and metabolic aberration in the liver. Diagnostic markers and treatments targeting the BA‐GM axis showed promising potential in the management of IFALD. Conclusions Bile acids and gut microbiota play a central role in the development of IFALD and make attractive biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets. A multitarget, individualised therapy aiming at different parts of the BA‐GM axis may provide optimal clinical benefits and requires future investigation.

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The Impact of Lactobacillus Probiotics on the Gut Microbiota in Children With Short Bowel Syndrome

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

Gut microbiota and its diet‐related activity in children with intestinal failure receiving long‐term parenteral nutrition

Gut microbiota and its diet‐related activity in children with intestinal failure receiving long‐term parenteral nutrition

The differences between fecal microbiota and intestinal fluid microbiota in colon polyps

Review article: insights into the bile acid‐gut microbiota axis in intestinal failure‐associated liver disease—redefining the treatment approach

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