The Impact of Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection on Spontaneous Abortion History and Pregnancy Outcomes in Romanian Pregnant Women

Mocanu, Adelina Geanina; Stoian, Dana Liana; Daescu, Ana-Maria Cristina; Motofelea, Alexandru Catalin; Ciohat, Ioana Mihaela; Navolan, Dan Bogdan; Vilibic-Cavlek, Tatjana; Bogdanic, Maja; Nemescu, Dragos; Tomescu, Larisa; Carabineanu, Adrian

doi:10.3390/microorganisms12040731

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 79 publications

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“…One recently published study analyzed the impact of latent CMV infections on spontaneous abortion history and pregnancy outcomes. In healthy women, latent CMV infection does not affect the risk of complications, while borderline-significant higher prevalence of miscarriage history was observed in women with latent CMV infection [ 79 ]. Furthermore, the observed differences between the rate of pregnancy complications in groups of pregnant women with and without latent T. gondii infection were not significant [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for TORCH Antibodies in Croatian Childbearing-Aged Women, 2014–2023

Vilibic-Cavlek,

Kolaric,

Belamaric

et al. 2024

Antibodies

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TORCH infections usually result in mild maternal morbidity, but may cause severe congenital abnormalities. Therefore, it is important to detect maternal infections, monitor the fetus after the disease has been recognized, and define the seronegative women who are at risk of primary infection during pregnancy. From 2014 to 2023, serum samples from 1032 childbearing-aged and pregnant women (16–45 years) were tested for IgM/IgG antibodies to the most common TORCH pathogens: Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus (RUBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2). The overall IgG seroprevalence rates were 20.1% for T. gondii, 91.3% for RUBV, 70.5% for CMV, 66.8% for HSV-1, and 3.5% for HSV-2. Only HSV-2 seroprevalence was age-related, with a significant progressive increase in seropositivity from 0% in those aged less than 26 years to 9.3% in those older than 40 years. The seroprevalence of T. gondii was higher in residents of suburban/rural areas than in residents of urban areas (27.4% vs. 17.1%). In addition, participants from continental regions were more often toxoplasma-seropositive than those from coastal regions (22.2% vs. 15.3%). HSV-1 seroprevalence was also higher in suburban/rural areas (71.7% vs. 64.7%). Obstetric history was not associated with TORCH seropositivity. Univariate and multivariate risk analysis showed that suburban/rural areas of residence and continental geographic regions were significant risk factors for T. gondii seroprevalence. Furthermore, suburban/rural area of residence was a significant risk factor for HSV-1 seroprevalence, while older age was a significant risk factor for HSV-2 seroprevalence. A declining trend in the seroprevalence of all TORCH pathogens was observed compared to previous Croatian studies (2005–2011). Similarly, the proportion of women simultaneously IgG-seropositive to two or three pathogens decreased over time. The maternal serology before pregnancy could potentially reduce the burden of congenital TORCH infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for TORCH Antibodies in Croatian Childbearing-Aged Women, 2014–2023

Vilibic-Cavlek,

Kolaric,

Belamaric

et al. 2024

Antibodies

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Progress and Challenges in the Management of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection

Szulc,

Szydłowska,

Smyk

et al. 2024

Clinics and Practice

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Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common intrauterine viral infection with a significant impact on the foetus and newborn. Current diagnostic practice includes serological testing for specific antibodies, but there are no global screening protocols. Maternal CMV screening is often performed in conjunction with antenatal ultrasound. While most infections are asymptomatic, severe cases can lead to long-term disability or death. Antiviral therapies, mainly ganciclovir and valganciclovir, are reserved for symptomatic patients, especially those with central nervous system involvement. Although effective, these treatments are associated with significant side effects such as neutropenia and hepatotoxicity. Foscarnet and cidofovir are used as alternatives, but their efficacy and safety require further study in paediatric patient populations. The effectiveness of passive prophylaxis is still uncertain. The lack of universally accepted guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention and the risk of serious side effects highlight the need for continued research. This review evaluates current therapeutic strategies, discusses their efficacy and associated risks, and highlights the need for innovative approaches to improve outcomes for affected neonates.

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Seroprevalence and Molecular Detection of Cytomegalovirus UL146 and US28 Gene Expression in Women With Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Inaam,

Othman,

Fryad

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Background Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a global herpesvirus that is highly prevalent worldwide and is able to establish lifelong latency after initial infection. The infection is highly frequent during pregnancy in human beings, which leads to preterm birth in some cases. Circulating strains of CMV carry a high number of variable or disrupted genes. Some of these like UL146 , a highly diverse gene, and the US28 gene are involved in viral dissemination. This study aims to determine the seroprevalence of CMV and to investigate whether the highly variable UL146 and US28 genes, isolated from the blood of seropositive women, are associated with recurrent pregnancy loss. Material and methods This cross-sectional study was carried out in Erbil City, Iraq from October 2022 to July 2023. A total of 150 women at their reproductive age with a history of miscarriage who attended Maternity Teaching Hospital were enrolled. Anti-CMV IgG and IgM antibodies were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Highly variable UL146 and US28 genes of CMV from seropositive samples were amplified by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the results were visualized on a UV-transilluminator. SPSS version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for data entry and analysis. The p-value less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results Anti-CMV IgG and IgM were seropositive in 103 (53.3%) and 13 (8.7%) women, respectively, and only 10 (6.7%) of them for both anti-CMV IgG and IgM. Significant associations of CMV and history of miscarriage, age, educational level, and gestational age of miscarriages were observed (p-value less than 0.05). On the other hand, no statistically significant association between CMV and socioeconomic level or residency was observed. The frequencies of genetic analysis of UL146 and US28 of the 103 seropositive tested samples of women with a history of miscarriage were 31 (30.1%) and nine (8.7%), respectively. A significant association between recurrent miscarriage and UL146 gene expression was observed. PCR targeting the UL146 demonstrated greater sensitivity for diagnosing CMV. Conclusion The seroprevalence of CMV is relatively high in Erbil, and the UL146 and US28 genes can act as factors in the initial level of CMV. Therefore, molecular detection of these genes can aid in determining the virulence of CMV strains.

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The Impact of Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection on Spontaneous Abortion History and Pregnancy Outcomes in Romanian Pregnant Women

Cited by 3 publications

References 79 publications

Screening for TORCH Antibodies in Croatian Childbearing-Aged Women, 2014–2023

Screening for TORCH Antibodies in Croatian Childbearing-Aged Women, 2014–2023

Progress and Challenges in the Management of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection

Seroprevalence and Molecular Detection of Cytomegalovirus UL146 and US28 Gene Expression in Women With Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

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