“…In addition to the external effects of housing, Hsu (2005) suggested that individual housing needs can also increase the BIRG phenomenon due to surrounding community characteristics; this involves location-, brand-, and quality-related cognition dimensions, all of which produce the neighborhood effect of luxury housing. The results corresponded to those reported by Ooi and Le (2013), François et al (2002), Tang and Yao (2012), and Lee et al (2018), that is, new constructions in neighboring areas are attractive and produce a positive effect. For example, the Olympics increased housing prices in Beijing that were particularly high in the periods close to the opening of the Olympics.…”