The impact of maternal protein restriction during rat pregnancy upon renal expression of angiotensin receptors and vasopressin-related aquaporins

Cornock, Ruth; Langley‐Evans, Simon C.; Mobasheri, Ali; McMullen, Sarah

doi:10.1186/1477-7827-8-105

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Creatinine clearance was estimated as: [urinary creatinine (μmol l –1 ) × urine volume produced in 24 h (ml)]/[plasma creatinine (μmol l –1 ) × 1440 (min)] (Cornock et al . ). Urinary albumin was measured by the improved bromocresol green method with the commercially available Albumin Assay (Randox Laboratories Ltd, Crumlin, UK) and total protein was measured by the method of Lowry et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Carotid sinus denervation ameliorates renovascular hypertension in adult Wistar rats

Pijacka

McBryde

Marvar

et al. 2016

The Journal of Physiology

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The peripheral chemoreflex is known to be hyper-responsive in both spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Goldblatt hypertensive (two kidney one clip; 2K1C) rats. We have previously shown that carotid sinus nerve denervation (CSD) reduces arterial blood pressure (ABP) in SHR. In the present study, we show that CSD ameliorates 2K1C hypertension and reveal the potential underlying mechanisms. Adult Wistar rats were instrumented to record ABP via telemetry, and then underwent CSD (n = 9) or sham CSD (n = 9) 5 weeks after renal artery clipping, in comparison with normal Wistar rats (n = 5). After 21 days, renal function was assessed, and tissue was collected to assess sympathetic postganglionic intracellular calcium transients ([Ca ] ) and immune cell infiltrates. Hypertensive 2K1C rats showed a profound elevation in ABP (Wistar: 98 ± 4 mmHg vs. 2K1C: 147 ± 8 mmHg; P < 0.001), coupled with impairments in renal function and baroreflex sensitivity, increased neuroinflammatory markers and enhanced [Ca ] in stellate neurons (P < 0.05). CSD reduced ABP in 2K1C+CSD rats and prevented the further progressive increase in ABP seen in 2K1C+sham CSD rats, with a between-group difference of 14 ± 2 mmHg by week 3 (P < 0.01), which was accompanied by improvements in both baroreflex control and spectral indicators of cardiac sympatho-vagal balance. Furthermore, CSD improved protein and albuminuria, decreased [Ca ] evoked responses from stellate neurons, and also reduced indicators of brainstem inflammation. In summary, CSD in 2K1C rats reduces the hypertensive burden and improves renal function. This may be mediated by improvements in autonomic balance, functional remodelling of post-ganglionic neurons and reduced inflammation. Our results suggest that the peripheral chemoreflex may be considered as a potential therapeutic target for controlling renovascular hypertension.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Carotid sinus denervation ameliorates renovascular hypertension in adult Wistar rats

Pijacka

McBryde

Marvar

et al. 2016

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Rats were housed in metabolic cages with free access to water and food for 24 h. Blood was withdrawn from the tail vein. Plasma and urine creatinine were measured by improved Jaffe method with the commercially available QuantiCrom Creatinine Assay Kit (DICT-500, Universal Biologicals, Cambridge, UK) 58 . Creatinine clearance was estimated as (urinary creatinine ((mmol l À 1 ) Â volume urine produce in 24 h (ml))/(plasma creatinine (mmol l À 1 ) Â 1,440 (min)).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The carotid body as a putative therapeutic target for the treatment of neurogenic hypertension

et al. 2013

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In the spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rat, hyperoxic inactivation of the carotid body (CB) produces a rapid and pronounced fall in both arterial pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSA). Here we show that CB de-afferentation through carotid sinus nerve denervation (CSD) reduces the overactive sympathetic activity in SH rats, providing an effective antihypertensive treatment. We demonstrate that CSD lowers RSA chronically and that this is accompanied by a depressor response in SH but not normotensive rats. The drop in blood pressure is not dependent on renal nerve integrity but mechanistically accompanied by a resetting of the RSA-baroreflex function curve, sensitization of the cardiac baroreflex, changes in renal excretory function and reduced T-lymphocyte infiltration. We further show that combined with renal denervation, CSD remains effective, producing a summative response indicative of an independent mechanism. Our findings indicate that CB de-afferentation is an effective means for robust and sustained sympathoinhibition, which could translate to patients with neurogenic hypertension.

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“…As described [23], plasma and urinary creatinine were measured by the improved Jaffe method (Universal Biologicals, Cambridge, UK). Urinary albumin was measured by the improved BCG method (Randox Laboratories Ltd., Crumlin, UK).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of gonadectomy on blood pressure regulation in ageing male and female rats

et al. 2016

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BackgroundSexual dimorphism in blood pressure has been associated with differential expression of the angiotensin II (AII) receptors and with activity of the nervous system. It is generally accepted that ageing affects kidney function as well as autonomic nervous system and hormonal balance. Given that hypertension is more prevalent in men than women until women reach their seventh decade, we hypothesised that females would be relatively protected from adverse effects of ageing compared to males and that this would be mediated by the protective effect of ovarian steroids.MethodsIntact and gonadectomised male and female normotensive Wistar rats aged 6, 12 and 18 months were used to study renal function, blood pressure, heart rate, and blood pressure variability.ResultsWe observed that intact females had lower levels of proteinuria and higher (12.5%) creatinine clearance compared to intact males and that this difference was abolished by castration but not by ovariectomy. Ovariectomy resulted in a change by 9% in heart rate, resulting in similar cardiovascular parameters to those observed in males or gonadectomised males. Spectral analysis of systolic blood pressure revealed that high-frequency power spectra were significantly elevated in the females vs. males and were reduced by ovariectomy.ConclusionsTaken altogether, the results show that females are protected from age-related declining renal function and to a lesser extent from rising blood pressure in comparison to males. Whilst ovariectomy had some deleterious effects in females, the strongest effects were associated with gonadectomy in males, suggesting a damaging effect of male hormones.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13293-016-0111-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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The impact of maternal protein restriction during rat pregnancy upon renal expression of angiotensin receptors and vasopressin-related aquaporins

Cited by 14 publications

References 50 publications

Carotid sinus denervation ameliorates renovascular hypertension in adult Wistar rats

Carotid sinus denervation ameliorates renovascular hypertension in adult Wistar rats

The carotid body as a putative therapeutic target for the treatment of neurogenic hypertension

Impact of gonadectomy on blood pressure regulation in ageing male and female rats

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