“…A DB plan contribution has no direct impact on current year's net income, but it reduces cash flows from operations. Several recent studies demonstrate an increased demand for information relating to firms’ cash flows from operations (e.g., DeFond & Hung, ; Givoly, Hayn, & Lehavy, ) and the adverse consequences of missing analysts’ cash flow forecasts (e.g., Edmonds, Edmonds, & Mahor, ; McInnis & Collins, ). As such, the board of directors and shareholders likely incentivize CEOs to increase reported cash flows from operations by rewarding CEOs reporting higher cash flows from operations with higher compensation.…”