The Impact of Migration Securitization on the Increase of Islamophobia-Based Attacks in the United States in 2015-2019

Abstract

This paper will discuss the United States policy under Donald Trump's administration which places migration as an agenda of securitization by restricting immigrants from entering the United States, especially Muslim immigrants. Trump firmly said to reject the entry of immigrants from six Muslim countries, namely Chad, Iran, Libya, Syria, Somalia and Yemen. Trump also added that the ban on the entry of immigrants was also applied to Venezuelans and North Koreans. The step was taken by Trump with the aim of ensuring the security of the United States from various threats potentially brought by the immigrants. Then, this paper will answer the big questions about how securitization of migration affected the emergence of Islamophobia in the United States. In analyzing these problems, we use the concept of securitization of migration with four operational variables, namely: 1. Framing by speech acts, 2. Politicization of fear, 3. The impacts (positive and negative): Securitization policy and the islamophobia actions. The results of this study indicate that securitization of migration process has an impact on the increasing actions of Islamophobia-based in the United States.
 
 Keywords: Securitization of Migration, Travel Ban Policy, Islamophobia, United States

Increasing the Role of the Centre of Peace, Conflict, and Democracy (CPCD) Unhas to Prevent Continued Social Conflict

“…Zainuddin, chairman of the NGO JPKP Nasional, stated that the Wajo regent often delivered speeches urging the actors in the conflicts to be patient and find solutions to prevent casualties (interview, Wajo district, August 8, 2022). Several Copenhagen school scientists who first introduced the securitization concept, stating that securitizing actors built security problems through speech act (Melati, 2020). This statement mean that securitization is based on the Copenhagen School school of thought, where a problem precedes a process before becoming a national security issue.…”

“…Securitization comprises practices, contexts, and power relations that build threats through an intersubjective process. According to McDonald, the process has four variables, including (1) actors or agents that launch a securitization policy, (2) a destructive threat, (3) objects protected from the securitization process, and (4) actors that should be convinced to accept securitized issues as threats (Melati, 2020). The conflicts in Wajo showed that the district head issued a policy, and the destructive threat was the dominance of an actor in the land conflict.…”

“…The concept of securitization starts with framing by speech acts from the government or executive associated with threats. The securitizers then politicize this perception as an urgent problem and threaten national security (Melati, 2020). Securitization could be described through the processes carried out by the government or the executive as actors in making an issue be considered important for securitization.…”