“…Remitting also initially increases and then declines with increasing length of time since first migration (Makina & Masenge, 2015). Zimbabwean households sending migrants are heavily dependent on remittances from abroad (Bracking & Sachikonye, 2010; Maphosa, 2007; Mazwi, 2022; Muzapu & Havadi, 2021; Ncube & Gomez, 2015; Nyikahadzoi et al, 2019; Nzima et al, 2017). Remittances are spent predominantly on livelihood needs such as housing, food purchase, medical treatment, transportation, clothing, and children’s education.…”