“…Recent studies have underscored the dual impact potential of largescale mining projects on public health. While positive and negative effects are possible, the absence of health risk assessments, health management plans and monitoring tends to exacerbate negative health outcomes (Knoblauch et al, 2018;Leuenberger et al, 2019;Shiquan et al, 2022). This holds particular relevance in Africa, where the absence of comprehensive regulation often leads to insufficient health considerations in impact assessments (Dietler et al, 2020;Engebretsen and Brugger, 2021).…”