“…By contrast, individuals from collectivist backgrounds tend to express other-focused emotions such as guilt, empathy, embarrassment, and shame (Aaker & Williams, 1998;Kitayama et al, 2000Kitayama et al, , 2006Markus & Kitayama, 1991;Matsumoto, 1989), all of which are emotions that link individuals to close friends or others in society and help to reach a consensus on the need for unity, harmony, and connection with others (Aaker & Williams, 1998). Because self-construal evokes distinct emotions based on different experiences of any given moment (Aaker & Williams, 1998;Kitayama et al, 2006;Markus & Kitayama, 1991;Matsumoto, 1989), moral emotions influence purchase intention toward CRM products (Kim & Johnson, 2013). Additionally, as empathy promotes altruistic intentions (Batson, 1987;Eisenberg & Miller, 1987), it also mediates the relationship between moral iden-…”