The Impact of Mount Pinatubo on World-Wide Temperatures

Parker, D. E.; Wilson, H.; Jones, Phil; Christy, John R.; Folland, Chris K.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0088(199605)16:5<487::aid-joc39>3.0.co;2-j

Cited by 162 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Our Tropics simulations can be qualitatively compared to the Mount Pinatubo (15 • N) eruption in 1991 because the distribution of aerosols in Tropics simulations has reasonable resemblance to the distribution of aerosols after a few weeks of the eruption (the volcanic aerosols occupied a latitude band of 20 • S to 30 • N; McCormick et al, 1995). Further, similarly to the global mean precipitation and temperature decline after the eruption (Parker et al 1996;Trenberth and Dai, 2007), we also simulate a reduction of global mean temperature and precipitation in our Tropics simulations (except in Tropics1 case). Interestingly, we find that in none of the geoengineering scenarios considered in this study, changes in global mean surface temperature and precipitation can be offset simultaneously over either land or ocean.…”

Section: Global Mean Temperature and Precipitation Responsementioning

confidence: 96%

Sensitivity of simulated climate to latitudinal distribution of solar insolation reduction in solar radiation management

Modak

Bala

2014

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Solar radiation management (SRM) geoengineering has been proposed as a potential option to counteract climate change. We perform a set of idealized geoengineering simulations using Community Atmosphere Model version 3.1 developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research to investigate the global hydrological implications of varying the latitudinal distribution of solar insolation reduction in SRM methods. To reduce the solar insolation we have prescribed sulfate aerosols in the stratosphere. The radiative forcing in the geoengineering simulations is the net forcing from a doubling of CO 2 and the prescribed stratospheric aerosols. We find that for a fixed total mass of sulfate aerosols (12.6 Mt of SO 4 ), relative to a uniform distribution which nearly offsets changes in global mean temperature from a doubling of CO 2 , global mean radiative forcing is larger when aerosol concentration is maximum at the poles leading to a warmer global mean climate and consequently an intensified hydrological cycle. Opposite changes are simulated when aerosol concentration is maximized in the tropics. We obtain a range of 1 K in global mean temperature and 3 % in precipitation changes by varying the distribution pattern in our simulations: this range is about 50 % of the climate change from a doubling of CO 2 . Hence, our study demonstrates that a range of global mean climate states, determined by the global mean radiative forcing, are possible for a fixed total amount of aerosols but with differing latitudinal distribution. However, it is important to note that this is an idealized study and thus not all important realistic climate processes are modeled.

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Section: Global Mean Temperature and Precipitation Responsementioning

confidence: 96%

Sensitivity of simulated climate to latitudinal distribution of solar insolation reduction in solar radiation management

Modak

Bala

2014

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…and 10 Mt of sulfur [Bluth et al, 1992], with effects felt worldwide. The injection of SO 2 to heights of 34 km caused global surface temperatures to drop by 0.40°C the first year and 0.25°C the following year [Parker et al, 1996]. The 1815 colossal eruption of Tambora on the island of Sumbawa, Indonesia is the largest eruption in recorded history (6 times that Pinatubo).…”

Section: Volcanicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observing and understanding the Southeast Asian aerosol system by remote sensing: An initial review and analysis for the Seven Southeast Asian Studies (7SEAS) program

Reid¹,

Hyer²,

Johnson

et al. 2013

Atmospheric Research

299

264

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“…During this period, T trends are much cooler than T E trends. Temperature records worldwide experienced a decrease following the eruption of Mount Pinatubo on June 1991 (Parker et al, 1996). However, at the same time, there is a substantial increase of q trends that helps Italicised values denote the differences T E minus T .…”

Section: Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and equivalent temperature over the United States (1979–2005)

Fall

Diffenbaugh

Niyogi

et al. 2010

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Temperature (T ) and equivalent temperature (T E ) trends over the United States from 1979 to 2005 and their correlation to land cover types are investigated using National Centers for Environmental Prediction North American Regional Reanalysis data, the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) land use/cover classification, the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 1992-2001 Retrofit Land Cover Change and the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from AVHRR. Even though most of the magnitude of T E is explained by T , the moisture component induces larger trends and variability of T E relative to T . The contrast between pronounced temporal and spatial differences between T and T E at the near-surface level (2 m) and minor-to-no differences at 300-200 mb is a consistent pattern. This study therefore demonstrates that in addition to temperature, atmospheric heat content may help to quantify the differences between surface and tropospheric heating trends, and hence the impact of land cover types on the surface temperature changes. Correlations of T and T E with NDVI reveal that T E shows a stronger relationship to vegetation cover than T , especially during the growing season, with values that are significantly different and of opposite signs (−0.31 for T vs NDVI; 0.49 for T E vs NDVI). Our results suggest that land cover types influence both moisture availability and temperature in the lower atmosphere and that T E is larger in areas with higher physical evaporation and transpiration rates. As a result, T E can be used as an additional metric for analysing near-surface heating trends with respect to land cover types. Moreover, T E can be tested as a complementary variable for assessing the impact of land surface and boundary layer processes in re-analysis and weather/climate model studies.

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The Impact of Mount Pinatubo on World-Wide Temperatures

Cited by 162 publications

References 36 publications

Sensitivity of simulated climate to latitudinal distribution of solar insolation reduction in solar radiation management

Sensitivity of simulated climate to latitudinal distribution of solar insolation reduction in solar radiation management

Observing and understanding the Southeast Asian aerosol system by remote sensing: An initial review and analysis for the Seven Southeast Asian Studies (7SEAS) program

Temperature and equivalent temperature over the United States (1979–2005)

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