The Impact Of Mycotoxicoses On Human History / Utjecaj Mikotoksikoza Na Povijest

Peraica, Maja; Rašić, Dubravka

doi:10.2478/10004-1254-63-2012-2259

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These compounds are toxic to most animal species in addition to humans. The toxic effects include protein synthesis and haematopoiesis inhibition, lymphoid depletion, and necrotic lesions [ 101 ].…”

Section: Occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Fusarium Mycotoxins in Cereals and Their Products—Metabolism, Occurrence, and Toxicity: An Updated Review

et al. 2018

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Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites, toxic to humans, animals and plants. Under the influence of various factors, mycotoxins may undergo modifications of their chemical structure. One of the methods of mycotoxin modification is a transformation occurring in plant cells or under the influence of fungal enzymes. This paper reviews the current knowledge on the natural occurrence of the most important trichothecenes and zearalenone in cereals/cereal products, their metabolism, and the potential toxicity of the metabolites. Only very limited data are available for the majority of the identified mycotoxins. Most studies concern biologically modified trichothecenes, mainly deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, which is less toxic than its parent compound (deoxynivalenol). It is resistant to the digestion processes within the gastrointestinal tract and is not absorbed by the intestinal epithelium; however, it may be hydrolysed to free deoxynivalenol or deepoxy-deoxynivalenol by the intestinal microflora. Only one zearalenone derivative, zearalenone-14-glucoside, has been extensively studied. It appears to be more reactive than deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside. It may be readily hydrolysed to free zearalenone, and the carbonyl group in its molecule may be easily reduced to α/β-zearalenol and/or other unspecified metabolites. Other derivatives of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone are poorly characterised. Moreover, other derivatives such as glycosides of T-2 and HT-2 toxins have only recently been investigated; thus, the data related to their toxicological profile and occurrence are sporadic. The topics described in this study are crucial to ensure food and feed safety, which will be assisted by the provision of widespread access to such studies and obtained results.

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Section: Occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Fusarium Mycotoxins in Cereals and Their Products—Metabolism, Occurrence, and Toxicity: An Updated Review

et al. 2018

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“…The toxic effects of T-2 and HT-2 include the inhibition of protein synthesis and hematopoiesis, lymphoid depletion and necrotic lesions. The consumption of moldy grains with high levels of T-2 has been associated with human intoxications, such as the Alimentary Toxic Aleukia (ATA), producing sepsis, hemorrhages and pancytopenia [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Phenolic Acids on the Growth and Production of T‐2 and HT‐2 Toxins by Fusarium langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The effect of natural phenolic acids was tested on the growth and production of T-2 and HT-2 toxins by Fusarium langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides, on Mycotoxin Synthetic medium. Plates treated with 0.5 mM of each phenolic acid (caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic and p-coumaric) and controls without phenolic acid were incubated for 14 days at 25˝C. Fungal biomass of F. langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides was not reduced by the phenolic acids. However, biosynthesis of T-2 toxin by F. langsethiae was significantly reduced by chlorogenic (23.1%) and ferulic (26.5%) acids. Production of T-2 by F. sporotrichioides also decreased with ferulic acid by 23% (p < 0.05). In contrast, p-coumaric acid significantly stimulated the production of T-2 and HT-2 toxins for both strains. A kinetic study of F. langsethiae with 1 mM ferulic acid showed a significant decrease in fungal biomass, whereas T-2 production increased after 10 days of incubation. The study of gene expression in ferulic supplemented cultures of F. langsethiae revealed a significant inhibition for Tri5, Tri6 and Tri12 genes, while for Tri16 the decrease in gene expression was not statistically significant. Overall, results indicated that phenolic acids had a variable effect on fungal growth and mycotoxin production, depending on the strain and the concentration and type of phenolic acid assayed.

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“…Like other mycotoxins, their occurrence is climate dependent and they usually occur together. They are toxic to most animals and humans as they interfere with protein synthesis and haematopoiesis inhibition, lymphoid depletion, and necrotic lesions [61]. Plants and yeasts can modify these mycotoxins into different glucosides: T-2 3-O-glucoside (T-2Glc) and HT-2-O-3-glucoside (HT-2Glc), HT-2-di-glucoside (HT-2di-Glc) [62], di-glucosides (T-2di-Glc, and HT-2di-Glc) [63].…”

Section: General Toxicity and Occurrence Of Multi- And Myco-toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-(myco)toxins in Malting and Brewing By-Products

Habschied

Lukinac

Jukić

et al. 2019

Toxins

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Fungi, yeasts, and bacteria are common microorganisms on cereals used in malting and brewing industries. These microorganisms are mostly associated with the safety and quality of malt and beer, but also with the health safety of by-products used in animal nutrition. The real problem is their harmful metabolites—toxins that, due to their thermostable properties, can easily be transferred to malting and brewing by-products. Besides fungal metabolites, other toxins originating from plants can be harmful to animal health. Precise and accurate analytical techniques broadened the spectrum of known toxins originating from microorganisms and plants that can pose a threat to animal health. Multi-(myco)toxin analyses are advanced and useful tools for the assessment of product safety, and legislation should follow up and make some important changes to regulate yet unregulated, but highly occurring, microbial and plant toxins in malting and brewing by-products used for animal feed.

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The Impact Of Mycotoxicoses On Human History / Utjecaj Mikotoksikoza Na Povijest

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Modified Fusarium Mycotoxins in Cereals and Their Products—Metabolism, Occurrence, and Toxicity: An Updated Review

Modified Fusarium Mycotoxins in Cereals and Their Products—Metabolism, Occurrence, and Toxicity: An Updated Review

Effects of Phenolic Acids on the Growth and Production of T‐2 and HT‐2 Toxins by Fusarium langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides

Multi-(myco)toxins in Malting and Brewing By-Products

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