The impact of Natural Flood Management on the performance of surface drainage systems: A case study in the Calder Valley

Ferguson, Charlie; Fenner, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125354

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…A baseline model of the hillslope without any leaky barriers was constructed with the UK Ordinance Survey 5‐m national digital elevation model (bare earth DEM), as no LiDAR DEM is currently available for the location. Five‐meter DEM resolution risks losing some channel definition, modifying the DEM to represent leaky barrier storage is considered model build (Ferguson & Fenner, 2020). Drainage analysis was used to delineate the boundary of the hillslope catchment draining through the leaky barrier study area covering 201,151 m 2 (Figure 4a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical representation of hillslope leaky barriers in 2D hydraulic models: A case study from the Calder Valley

Senior

Trigg

Willis

2022

J Flood Risk Management

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The resources of small‐scale community‐based flood risk action groups are often limited, hence studies to model and predict the effects of Natural Flood Management are often restrained by time and lack of empirical data to validate results. As a result, representations of hillslope leaky barriers are largely modelled as several equifinal approaches, often without survey data. The geometrical characteristics of hillslope leaky barriers were surveyed for the first time at Hardcastle Crags, Calder Valley. This data informed six 2D hydraulic model representation scenarios with varying combinations of topography modification and roughness increase, allowing the sensitivity of their results to be tested. Results from Scenario 3 (topography modification and roughness increase) estimated total hillslope runoff peak flow to reduce by 16.6% in a 1:1‐year design return period; however, this reduction diminished as rainfall intensity increased. Return periods of over 1:30 year estimated peak flow reductions of <5%. Only 14.3%–21.7% (98–148 m3) of the total additional storage provided by the barriers is mobilised during simulated events. A multi‐peaked rainfall event from December 2015 was also simulated. Although the initial peak flow was reduced by 22.7%, as storage became mobilised, effectiveness reduced significantly for subsequent peaks within the same event.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical representation of hillslope leaky barriers in 2D hydraulic models: A case study from the Calder Valley

Senior

Trigg

Willis

2022

J Flood Risk Management

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“…The extent of hardpan breakup and tiling on farmlands is not available but is also likely to be quite substantial. Forests comprise about 60% of the total land area in the state [132], but there are only a few purposefully managed agroforestry or silvopasture sites in the state. The proposed wetlands and water retention basins and water farming practices have not been used in the state to date.…”

Section: Implications For the North Carolina Coastal Plainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Infrastructure Practices as Potential Flood Storage and Reduction for Farms and Rural Communities in the North Carolina Coastal Plain

et al. 2021

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Increased global temperatures resulting from anthropogenically induced climate changes have increased the frequency and severity of adverse weather events, including extreme rainfall events, floods, and droughts. In recent years, nature-based solutions (NBS) have been proposed to retain storm runoff temporarily and mitigate flood damages. These practices may help rural farm and forest lands to store runoff and reduce flooding on farms and downstream communities and could be incorporated into a conservation program to provide payments for these efforts, which would supplement traditional farm incomes. Despite their potential, there have been very few methodical assessments and detailed summaries of NBS to date. We identified and summarized potential flood reduction practices for the Coastal Plain of North Carolina. These include agricultural practices of (1) cover cropping/no-till farming; (2) hardpan breakup; (3) pine or (4) hardwood afforestation, and (5) agroforestry; establishing the wetland and stream practices of (6) grass and sedge wetlands and earthen retention structures, (7) forest wetland banks, and (8) stream channel restoration; and establishing new structural solutions of (9) dry dams and berms (water farming) and (10) tile drainage and water retention. These practices offer different water holding and storage capacities and costs. A mixture of practices at the farm and landscape level can be implemented for floodwater retention and attenuation and damage reduction, as well as for providing additional farm and forest ecosystem services.

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“…Urbanisation and the replacement of permeable and vegetated surfaces to impermeable surfaces, such as asphalt and concrete, reduces lag times and increases peak flows in receiving watercourses, influencing the likelihood and severity of high-flow or flooding events across the UK [1,2]. Coupled with this, the global climate is predicted to change in ways unseen in recorded history [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the UK, sea levels are expected to rise, the frequency of extreme weather events will increase, summers will become hotter and drier, and winters will become warmer and wetter [3,4]. Consequently, authorities responsible for managing flood risk in the UK have increased investment in alternative, more sustainable methods of mitigating flooding, such as natural flood management (NFM) techniques [2,5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In light of the changing climate, and the predicted increases to flood frequency and severity, the policy shift towards NFM methods, and the lack of evidence-based studies investigating the feasibility of woodland planting as a method of NFM, this study aims to determine the extent to which woodland planting has influenced infiltration at a site in central England [1][2][3][4]. Two hydrological models were built using HEC-HMS, calibrated and validated using the NSE method, and simulations were undertaken to predict the ability of woodland to increase infiltration and reduce peak runoff to the receiving watercourse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling the Hydrological Effects of Woodland Planting on Infiltration and Peak Discharge Using HEC-HMS

Revell

Lashford

Rubinato

2021

Water

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Woodland planting is gaining momentum as a potential method of natural flood management (NFM), due to its ability to break up soil and increase infiltration and water storage. In this study, a 2.2 km2 area in Warwickshire, England, planted with woodland every year from 2006 to 2012, was sampled using a Mini Disk infiltrometer (MDI). Infiltration measurements were taken from 10 and 200 cm away from the trees, from November 2019 to August 2021. Two individual hydrological models were built using the US Hydraulic Engineering Center Hydrological Modelling System (HEC-HMS), to model the effects of infiltration change on peak flows from the site throughout the summer and winter. The models were calibrated and validated using empirical data; the Nash and Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) was used as an indicator of accuracy. Results from this study show that woodland planting reduced peak flow intensity compared to impermeable land cover by an average of 6%, 2%, and 1% for 6-h, 24-h, and 96-h winter storms, respectively, and 48%, 18%, and 3% for 6-h, 24-h, and 96-h summer storms, respectively. However, grassland simulations show the greatest reduction in peak flows, being 32%, 21%, and 10%, lower than woodland for 6-, 24-, and 96-h winter storms, respectively, and 6%, 3%, and 0.5% lower than woodland for 6-, 24-, and 96-h summer storms, respectively.

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The impact of Natural Flood Management on the performance of surface drainage systems: A case study in the Calder Valley

Cited by 29 publications

References 48 publications

Physical representation of hillslope leaky barriers in 2D hydraulic models: A case study from the Calder Valley

Physical representation of hillslope leaky barriers in 2D hydraulic models: A case study from the Calder Valley

Natural Infrastructure Practices as Potential Flood Storage and Reduction for Farms and Rural Communities in the North Carolina Coastal Plain

Modelling the Hydrological Effects of Woodland Planting on Infiltration and Peak Discharge Using HEC-HMS

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