The Impact of New Trade Agenda to Macroeconomic Performance of Indonesia and Japan in Short and Long Term

Abstract

The swings of global trade in recent decades have been resulted from the global economic crisis and unfavorable condition of global situation. Deterioration of private demand -- as a result of economic crisis and increase of unemployment – has been the main reason of worsening global trade. This condition has, of course, affected economic performance of countries through trade channels. Furthermore, the recent trade agenda following to Trump administration has created another uncertainty to the world economy. This paper studies the impact of new trade agenda, which is represented by Trump’s plan on trade policy, to the world economy as well as to Indonesian and Japanese economy in particular. The analysis is based on computable general equilibrium of GTAP model version 6, with two scenarios: (i) Trump Trade Agenda when implementing 45 and 35 percent tariff to China and Mexico; (ii) Trade Hit List when imposing tariff to the 16 countries in the trade hit list. Impacts of both scenarios are examined in short run and long run. The results suggest that both scenarios in the short run will not create any significant effect to global economy as whole nor to Indonesian and Japan in particular. However, their impacts to the global economy, Indonesia, and Japan will be substantial in the long run. Therefore, Indonesia and Japan in particular should concern on providing sound economic policies to reduce the risk of new trade agenda to these economies in the long run. Some policy recommendation provided in this paper are: (i) Japan should focus on improving technological innovation to realize the implementation of society 5.0 and industry 4.0 as scheduled; (ii) Indonesia should facilitate more investment to its economy and provide more government investment to induce accumulation of capital stock in the future. Furthermore, efficiencies and technological adoption should also be main concern of the Indonesian government to induce productivity of the economy and help mitigate the global risks in the long run.

The Nexus Among Employment, Productivity and Trade Openness: Evidence From Brics and Indonesia

“…In similar vein, some studies conducted on emerging economies-e.g. Lo Turco and Maggioni (2013) for Turkey, Ridhwan et al, 2015;Simorangkir (2008), Widyasanti (2017), Vidya and Prabheesh (2019) for Indonesia, Joshi and Omkarnath (2020) for India, and Kucera et al (2012) for India and South Africa-show a synchronized trade and employment between these countries and their trading partners (the European Union and the United States, in particular).…”