The Impact of Nordic Walking on Bone Properties in Postmenopausal Women with Pre-Diabetes and Non-Alcohol Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of Nordic walking on bone properties in postmenopausal women with pre-diabetes and non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A total of 63 eligible women randomly participated in the Nordic walking training (AEx, n = 33), or maintained their daily lifestyle (Con, n = 30) during intervention. Bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) of whole body (WB), total femur (TF), femoral neck (FN), and lumbar spine (L2-4) were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum osteocalcin, pentosidine, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) levels were analyzed by ELISA assay. After an 8.6-month intervention, the AEx group maintained their BMCTF, BMDTF, BMCL2−4, and BMDL2−4, and increased their BMCFN (p = 0.016), while the Con group decreased their BMCTF (p = 0.008), BMDTF (p = 0.001), and BMDL2−4 (p = 0.002). However, no significant group × time interaction was observed, except for BMDL2−4 (p = 0.013). Decreased pentosidine was correlated with increased BMCWB(r = −0.352, p = 0.019). The intervention has no significant effect on osteocalcin and RANKL. Changing of bone mass was associated with changing of pentosidine, but not with osteocalcin and RANKL. Our results suggest that Nordic walking is effective in preventing bone loss among postmenopausal women with pre-diabetes and NAFLD.

Association between Osteoporosis and Low Hemoglobin Levels: A Nested Case–Control Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort

“…Thus, the predictive factors for fracture risk and osteoporosis have been investigated by many researchers. Low BMD has been reported to be associated with aging, low body weight, physical inactivity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and pernicious anemia [5][6][7]. In addition, chronic iron-deficiency anemia has been suggested to induce bone resorption and increase the risk of osteoporosis [8].…”

Prescrição de exercício físico para mulheres na pós-menopausa com osteopenia ou osteoporose com base em revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados

“…Based on these characteristics, any method of controlled exercise can contribute to these objectives (Wang et al, 2023). Walking exercises, water aerobics, sports for the elderly, and home exercise programs (Bergström, Lombardo, & Brinck, 2009;Chow, Harrison, & Notarius, 1987;Du et al, 2021;Iwamoto, Takeda, & Ichimura, 2001;Iwamoto, Takeda, Sato, & Uzawa, 2005;Pernambuco et al, 2013) can be indicated. Additionally, at the initial moment of entering an exercise program, the motivation of these people must also be strongly considered (Wang et al, 2023;Weeks, Purvis, & Beck, 2016), to maintain adherence to a future, longer program.…”

“…For the last case of this prescription suggestion, older women with severe osteoporosis who have previous fractures, the recommendations should be for greater patient care. Thus, they should not perform exercises with complex methods that require an advanced degree of mobility and prefer conservative methods, such as resistance training and vibrating platforms (Bergström et al, 2009;Chow et al, 1987;Du et al, 2021;Iwamoto et al, 2001Iwamoto et al, , 2005. In these activities, the control of volume and intensity components should be privileged, associated with exercises in reduced gravity, such as hydrogymnastics (Pernambuco et al, 2013), to protect the joints and, above all, possible recurring fractures.…”

Outdoor walking, genetic predisposition, and the risk of incident osteoporosis among older adults: A prospective large population-based cohort study

“…Additionally, it has been found to elicit favorable improvements in knee muscle strength among women with low bone mass [ 33 ]. Furthermore, walking has effectively mitigated bone loss in postmenopausal women with pre-diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, thereby reducing the likelihood of developing osteoporosis [ 34 ]. Engaging in walking has been found to potentially mitigate the likelihood of developing osteoporosis, as it has been observed to elevate serum ionized calcium levels while concurrently reducing parathyroid hormone and c-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen levels.…”