The Impact of Occupational Pensions on Retirement Age

Arkani, Sepideh; Gough, Orla

doi:10.1017/s0047279406000614

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Using this measure, each individual is counted as either in the labour force (and hence not retired) or out of the labour force (and hence presumed to be retired). Such is the approach taken by Shannon and Grierson ( 2004) , who are concerned with the effects of mandatory retirement legislation in Canada on the employment of older workers, and Arkani and Gough ( 2007) , who are concerned with the impact of occupational pensions on the age at which people retire in the United States, to take two examples. This approach ignores the more subtle changes in the intensity of participation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tanner ( 1998) worked with two waves of the Retirement Survey ; Banks and Smith ( 2006) , with 13 waves of the British Household Panel Survey . Arkani and Gough ( 2007) worked with the fi rst (hence cross-sectional) wave of the English Longitudinal Survey of Ageing ( ELSA ), as well as with the (cross-sectional) Labour Force Survey . Arkani and Gough ( 2007) defi ned retirement in only one way: not in the labour force.…”

Section: International Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arkani and Gough ( 2007) worked with the fi rst (hence cross-sectional) wave of the English Longitudinal Survey of Ageing ( ELSA ), as well as with the (cross-sectional) Labour Force Survey . Arkani and Gough ( 2007) defi ned retirement in only one way: not in the labour force. Tanner ( 1998) provided three measures -not in labour force, self-assessed as retired, and both together.…”

Section: International Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What Is Retirement? A Review and Assessment of Alternative Concepts and Measures

2009

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Since the concept of retirement is prominent in both popular thinking and academic studies it would be helpful if the notion were analytically sound, could be measured with precision, and would make possible comparisons of patterns of retirement over time and among different populations. This paper reviews and assesses the many concepts and measures that have been proposed, summarizing them in groupings that reflect non-participation or reduced participation in the labour force, receipt of pension income, end-of-career employment, selfassessed retirement, or combinations of those characteristics. It concludes that there is no agreed measure and that no one measure dominates. Instead, new measures continue to be proposed to take account of additional refinements as new data sets become available, thereby further restricting possible comparisons. The confusing array of definitions reflects the practical problem that underlies the concept of retirement: it is an essentially negative notion, a notion of what people are not doing -namely, that they are not working. A more positive approach would be to focus instead on what people are doing, including especially their involvement in non-market activities that are socially productive, even if those activities do not contribute to national income as conventionally measured.Key Words: concepts of retirement, measures of retirement JEL Classification: J26 Résumé:Puisque que la notion de retraite est à la mode dans la pensée populaire et dans les études académiques, il serait utile de définir un concept analytiquement pertinent que l'on puisse mesurer avec précision afin de comparer les tendances à travers le temps et les différents groupes de population. Cet essaie revoit et évalue les différents concepts et mesures qui ont été proposés, en considérant les regroupements reflétant l'absence ou une participation réduite à la population active, les bénéficiaires de prestation de retraite, les emplois de fin de carrière, le statut de retraite auto-évalué, ou d'une combinaison de ces caractéristiques. La conclusion est qu'il n'existe aucun consensus pour aucune de ces mesures. Au contraire, de nouvelles mesures continuent d'être proposées afin de mieux prendre en compte les raffinements du concept mesurables dans les séries de données nouvellement parues, compliquant davantage les comparaisons possibles. Ce large éventail de définitions reflète les problèmes pratiques derrière la notion de retraite: c'est essentiellement un concept qui se définit par la négative, une notion qui regroupe ce que les gens ne font pas -à savoir, qui ne travaille pas. Une approche plus positive viserait à se concentrer sur que les gens font, en particulier sur les activités non marchandes qui sont socialement productives, même si ces dernières ne contribuent pas au revenu national tel qu'il est conventionnellement mesuré.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: International Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: International Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What Is Retirement? A Review and Assessment of Alternative Concepts and Measures

2009

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“…The evidence shows that such inducements have generally been successful in molding retirement behaviour. For instance, Arkani and Gough (2007), in a study based on data obtained from the Labour Force Survey (1984)(1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991) and the Quarterly Labour Force Survey (1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003), found that occupational pensions are associated with a decrease in the mean retirement age, with those governed by a pension scheme more likely to retire earlier. Samwick (1998) and Asch et al (2005) have also shown that pension programme design can affect the retirement age.…”

Section: Employee Turnovermentioning

confidence: 99%

Defined benefit pension decline: the consequences for organizations and employees

et al. 2014

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Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to use the theoretical and empirical pension literatures to question whether employers are likely to gain any competitive advantage from degrading or eliminating their employees' defined benefit (DB) pensions. Design/methodology/approach -Critical literature review, bringing together and synthesizing the industrial relations, economics, social policy, and applied pensions literature. Findings -DB pension plans do deliver a number of potential performance benefits, most notably a decrease in turnover and establishment of longer-term employment relationships. However, benefits are more pronounced in some conditions than others, which are identified. Research limitations/implications -Most of the analysis of pension effects to date focuses primarily on DB plans. Yet, these are declining in significance. In the years ahead, more attention needs to be paid to the potential consequences of defined contribution plans and other types of pension. Practical implications -In re-evaluating DB pensions, firms have tended to focus on savings made through cost cutting. Yet, this approach tends to view a firm's people as an expense rather a potential asset. Attempts to abandon, modify, or otherwise reduce such schemes has the potential to save money in the short term, but the negative long-term consequences may be considerable, even if they are not yet obvious. Originality/value -This paper is topical in that it consolidates existing research evidence from a number of different bodies of literature to make a case for the retention of DB pension plans, when, in many contexts, they are being scaled back or discarded. It raises a number of important issues for reflection by practitioners, and highlights key agendas for future scholarly research.

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“…Policy-makers in European countries are therefore paying increasing attention to the labour market situation of older workers (OECD, 2001;European Commission, 2006). Social policy research into the labour market situation of older workers has been mainly concentrating on attitudes towards work and retirement among older workers (McNair, 2006;Loretto and White, 2006); on how retirement behaviour is determined by individual difference factors, including the financial position and health status of older workers (e.g., Meghir and Whitehouse, 1997;Tanner, 1998;Bound et al, 1999;Blake, 2004); and on the effects of occupational and state pension policies and other social security programmes on retirement behaviour (Kohli et al, 1991;Tanner, 1998;Blundell et al, 2002;Gruber and Wise, 2002;Arkani and Gough, 2007). In all these studies, the central questions are what preferences, expectations and behaviour individuals adopt towards retirement, and how these are influenced by social policy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ageing Organisations and the Extension of Working Lives: A Case Study Approach

2014

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This paper examines how the economic climate and policy changes at national level have been affecting organisational practices, aimed at the extension of working lives of older workers, over the last decade. We analyse case studies conducted among Dutch organisations. Our findings show that personnel policies are typically short-term oriented and vary in their existence and content congruous to the economic climate. Policy changes in retirement arrangements, and the debate about raising the official retirement age, have made both employees and employers realise that the extension of working lives has become an unavoidable fact, although both parties still seem intrinsically opposed to it. Changes to safety regulations and the increase in costs for employers if employees drop out of work due to ill health have led to an increasing focus on health-related measures in professions with intense physical work over the last decade. We conclude that, while national level policy changes in areas like health and safety do percolate down and begin to affect organisational practice, it is at the organisational level that they still need to be worked through.

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The Impact of Occupational Pensions on Retirement Age

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

What Is Retirement? A Review and Assessment of Alternative Concepts and Measures

What Is Retirement? A Review and Assessment of Alternative Concepts and Measures

Defined benefit pension decline: the consequences for organizations and employees

Ageing Organisations and the Extension of Working Lives: A Case Study Approach

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