“…On the other hand, especially in R&D intensive firms, OI processes require Intellectual Property (IP) with the involvement of various research partners, such as customers, suppliers and employees (Howells, 2008). For this reason a proper IP protection strategy should be sought (Thornblad and Hedner, 2012), using all the available tools, such as registered and unregistered IP rights (IPR) (patents, copyrights, trademarks, secrecy) (Manzini and Lazzarotti, 2016). From this point of view, for a long time, talking of IPR led to a substantial misunderstanding that treated "patents" as the main available tool, often seen in a negative meaning, considering that companies have been making use of them in order to block other competitors.…”