“…This inadequacy is mainly rooted in the reasoning that HEIs are generally characterized by bureaucratic structure, individualistic culture, minimal existence of appropriate incentive system and lack of leadership support for KM behaviors (Kanwal et al, 2019;Muqadas et al, 2017). Existing literature indicates that knowledge sharing activities and the resulting innovative outcomes mainly center upon several organizational factors such as organizational structure and culture (Chi on et al, 2019), high-performance work systems (Bhatti et al, 2020;Gu ¨rlek, 2021), top management knowledge value (Singh et al, 2020) and reward system (Ali et al, 2019). Among these factors, top management knowledge-based support, conducive organizational culture and reward system have been identified as the prominent pillars supporting the knowledge sharing process in HEIs (Fullwood and Rowley, 2017;Kanwal et al, 2019;Lo and Tian, 2020;Muqadas et al, 2017;Ramjeawon and Rowley, 2017).…”