The impact of parental cancer on the adolescent: an analysis of the literature

Grabiak, Beth R.; Bender, Catherine M.; Puskar, Kathryn

doi:10.1002/pon.1083

Cited by 134 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…However, despite a wide-ranging literature search supported by an information specialist, we found little research on the subsequent process -when patients tell family members/friends their bad news. A few studies have explored communicating a parental cancer diagnosis to children and adolescents [13,14], particularly in relation to breast cancer [15][16][17] and genetic risk for cancer [18][19][20]. However there is a dearth of literature relating how patients relay bad news of a cancer diagnosis to adult significant others, what we refer to here as sharing bad news.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sharing news of a lung cancer diagnosis with adult family members and friends: a qualitative study to inform a supportive intervention

Ewing

Ngwenya

Benson

et al. 2016

Patient Education and Counseling

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Objective Extensive research exists on breaking bad news by clinicians. This study examines perspectives of patients and those accompanying them at diagnosis-giving of subsequently sharing news of lung cancer with adult family/friends, and views of healthcare professionals, to inform development of a supportive intervention. MethodsQualitative interviews with 20 patients, 17 accompanying persons; focus groups and interviews with 27 healthcare professionals from four Thoracic Oncology Units. Intervention development workshops with 24 healthcare professionals and six service users with experience of sharing a cancer diagnosis. Framework thematic analysis. ResultsPatients and accompanying persons shared news of lung cancer whilst coming to terms with the diagnosis. They recalled general support from healthcare professionals but not support with sharing bad news. Six elements were identified providing a framework for a potential intervention: 1-people to be told, 2-information to be shared, 3-timing of sharing, 4-responsibility for sharing, 5-methods of telling others and 6-reactions of those told. ConclusionThis study identifies the challenge of sharing bad news and a potential framework to guide delivery of a supportive intervention tailored to individual needs of patients. Practice ImplicationsThe identified framework could extend the portfolio of guidance on communication in cancer and potentially in other life-limiting conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sharing news of a lung cancer diagnosis with adult family members and friends: a qualitative study to inform a supportive intervention

Ewing

Ngwenya

Benson

et al. 2016

Patient Education and Counseling

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“…However, children of patients with cancer frequently change roles within their family as well, absorbing more responsibility while one parent cares for the ill parent (4,16). The literature shows that both children and adolescents have increased personal responsibilities, resulting in a decrease in social activity and subsequent loss of childhood at a time when peer groups are essential for social development (4,10,14,17).…”

Section: Role Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The psychological and behavioral changes observed in children and adolescents can be categorized as internalizing problems, affecting the mental, cognitive, or emotional functioning and externalizing problems, which include outward directed aggression or disruptions in a social or school setting (7,13,16). Preschool children have an increased difficulty in separating from their mothers, while children of all ages display a wide range of emotions including anger, anxiety, confusion, sadness, uncertainty, and fear (3,7,11).…”

Section: Emotional Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Parental Cancer on Children

2017

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Abstract. Background It is estimated that 10.4% of newly diagnosed cancer patients are between the ages of 18-55, with 22.4% of all cancer cases occurring in individuals aged 21-55 (1). This range represents common childbearing and child-rearing ages which suggest a significant portion of these patients may have minor children. In fact, in 2010 it was estimated that 2.85 million children under the age of 18 lived with a parent who was diagnosed with cancer in the US (2). Over the last 30 years, overall cancer survival rates have increased with the 5-year survival rate rising 20% across all races (3). The increasing survival rates suggest a concomitant increase in prevalence of cancer survivors with minor children.A cancer diagnosis can affect the whole family, not just the afflicted parent (4, 5). Multiple studies demonstrate that children in particular have a higher risk of emotional and behavioral problems (6, 7). The disruption of schedules and daily routine, shifting of household roles, financial stress, and the physical and emotional availability of either parent all contribute to these emotional and behavioral problems (7-9). These problems, if overlooked or untreated, can persist into adulthood (10). Daily RoutineA daily routine is an important part of life for preschoolers, grade-schoolers, and adolescents for both structural stability and social behavior guidance (7, 11). A parental cancer diagnosis can disrupt the daily routine or schedule due to frequent clinic visits, unexpected hospital admission, and the home turning into a place of care (9, 12, 13). The disruptions also promote problems sleeping in preschoolers and increased post-traumatic stress symptoms as well as internalizing and externalizing behaviors in adolescents (6,7,14). Adolescents also report the impact that physical unavailability has on their emotional well being including the ill parent no longer driving them to school, to extracurricular activities, or even packing lunches (12, 15). Role ChangesIt has long been known that parental roles change as one parent becomes a caregiver and the ill parent becomes less available physically and emotionally, having fewer opportunities to interact while placing increased demands on their children (12). However, children of patients with cancer frequently change roles within their family as well, absorbing more responsibility while one parent cares for the ill parent (4, 16). The literature shows that both children and adolescents have increased personal responsibilities, resulting in a decrease in social activity and subsequent loss of childhood at a time when peer groups are essential for social development (4,10,14,17). Adolescent truancy rates increase and overall attendance decreases as they need to care for their younger siblings or pick-up extra work shifts to help combat the financial burden cancer puts on a household (11, 13). 4025

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“…A cross-sectional study from Canada found that breast cancer survivors with children experience higher levels of fear of cancer recurrence and report more problems in intimacy many years after diagnosis 146 . It seems that parenting adolescent children can be particularly challenging and emotionally stressful for a young woman with breast cancer 147 .…”

Section: Psychological and Social Burden Of Breast Cancer In Young Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

General Overview and Treatment Recommendations for Young Women with Breast Cancer

Ribnikar

Ratoša

Perhavec

et al. 2017

RIC

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The impact of parental cancer on the adolescent: an analysis of the literature

Cited by 134 publications

References 47 publications

Sharing news of a lung cancer diagnosis with adult family members and friends: a qualitative study to inform a supportive intervention

Sharing news of a lung cancer diagnosis with adult family members and friends: a qualitative study to inform a supportive intervention

Impact of Parental Cancer on Children

General Overview and Treatment Recommendations for Young Women with Breast Cancer

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