“…(Dykes and Winn, 2019, pp.39). This style of leadership -also known as dark leadership (Otto et al, 2018, for example), destructive leadership (Padilla et al, 2007;Thoroughgood et al, 2018) or, simply, bad leadership (Kellerman, 2004), and the behaviour it implies -impacts significantly on the individual on a psychological, emotional and economic level (see Webster et al, 2016, for example), as well as upon the organisation itselfin the form of high staff turnover, increased cynicism, diminution of loyalty to organisation and counterproductive job behaviour by employees (MacLennan 2017; Burke 2017; Dobbs and Do, 2019). Indeed, toxic leadership has been seen as a considerable factor in the development and maintenance of workplace bullying dynamics within an organisation (Webster, 2016;Malik et al, 2019).…”