The impact of persistent bacterial bronchitis on the pulmonary microbiome of children

Cuthbertson, Leah; Craven, Vanessa; Bingle, Lynne; Cookson, William; Everard, Mark L.; Moffatt, Miriam F.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190075

Cited by 33 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In 2017, a team of UK researchers compared protected brushing of 20 healthy controls and 24 children with PBB, finding that the microbiota of the latter was less different in terms of richness and evenness. Bacterial communities in children with PBB were dominated by Proteobacteria, and indicator species analysis showed that Haemophilus and Neisseria were significantly associated with the patient group ( 24 ). A more recent study found out that in BAL of children with PBB, one or more respiratory pathogens were detected.…”

Section: Etiopathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

When the Cough Does Not Improve: A Review on Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis in Children

et al. 2020

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Chronic cough is defined as a daily cough that persists longer than 4 weeks. Protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) is a common cause of chronic wet cough in preschool children with no symptoms or signs of other specific causes, and resolution usually follows a 2-week course of an appropriate oral antibiotic. The diagnosis is mainly clinical; generally, no instrumental examinations are necessary. The most common bacteria found in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of subjects with PBB include Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae , and Moraxella catarrhalis . Nowadays, there is no certain evidence of the role of viruses in PBB pathogenesis even though different types of viruses have been detected in BAL from children with PBB. Airway malacia is commonly found in children with PBB; conversely, there is no correlation with any type of immunodeficiency. Amoxicillin-clavulanate acid is the most commonly used antibiotic, as first-line, prolonged therapy (longer than 2 weeks) is sometimes required to cough resolution. When the wet cough does not improve despite prolonged antibiotic treatment, an underlying disease should be considered. Moreover, there are several hypotheses of a link between PBB and bronchiectasis, as recent evidences show that recurrent PBB (>3 episodes/years) and the presence of H. influenzae infection in the lower airways seem to be significant risk factors to develop bronchiectasis. This underlines the importance of a close follow-up among children with PBB and the need to consider chest computerized tomography (CT) in patients with risk factors for bronchiectasis. In this brief review, we summarize the main clinical and pathogenetic findings of PBB, a disease that may be related to a relevant morbidity and decreased quality of life during the pediatric age.

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Section: Etiopathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

When the Cough Does Not Improve: A Review on Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis in Children

et al. 2020

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“…Total bacterial burden was measured using a SYBR green quantitative PCR assay using the primers 520F, and 820R, , targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene as described in Cuthbertson et al 2017[19]. All reactions were performed in triplicate and included standards and non-template controls on the ViiA 7 Real-time PCR system (Life Technologies, Paisley, UK) using SYBR Fast qPCR Master mix (KAPA Biosystems, Wilmington, MA, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Community analysis was carried out using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Custom dual barcoded fusion primers were used to target the previously quantified region of the 16S rRNA gene as previously described [19]. Each sequencing run contained a PCR negative control and a Mock community, consisting of 34 16S rRNA gene clones of known bacterial species in equal proportions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral respiratory infections and the oropharyngeal bacterial microbiota in acutely wheezing children

Cuthbertson

Cox

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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Acute viral wheeze in children is a major cause of hospitalisation and a major risk factor for the development of asthma. However, the role of the respiratory tract microbiome in the development of acute wheeze is unclear. To investigate whether severe wheezing episodes in children are associated with bacterial dysbiosis in the respiratory tract, oropharyngeal swabs were collected from 109 children with acute wheezing attending the only tertiary paediatric hospital in Perth, Australia. The bacterial community from these samples was explored using next generation sequencing and compared to samples from 75 non-wheezing controls. No significant difference in bacterial diversity was observed between samples from those with wheeze and healthy controls. Within the wheezing group, attendance at kindergarten or preschool was however, associated with increased bacterial diversity. Rhinovirus (RV) infection did not have a significant effect on bacterial community composition. A significant difference in bacterial richness was observed between children with RV-A and RV-C infection, however this is likely due to the differences in age group between the patient cohorts. The bacterial community within the oropharynx was found to be diverse and heterogeneous. Age and attendance at day care or kindergarten were important factors in driving bacterial diversity. However, wheeze and viral infection were not found to significantly relate to the bacterial community. Bacterial airway microbiome is highly variable in early life and its role in wheeze remains less clear than viral influences.

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“…DNA extraction was performed on throat swabs using the MPBio FastDNA TM spin kit for soil as per the manufacturer's instructions. Blank swabs were extracted and sequenced to control for any contamination as previously described [16].…”

Section: Dna Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of RSV Infection on the Respiratory Microbiome of Adults

Cuthbertson

James

Habibi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants. It is being increasingly recognised as a cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Microbial dysbiosis in the respiratory tract has been hypothesized to predispose individuals to severe RSV infection. This study explores changes in the bacterial community over the course of a controlled human challenge study. From 37 healthy adult patients exposed to a challenge inoculum of RSV, throat swabs were collected daily for 10 days during quarantine and on days 14 and 28 post quarantine. Swabs were processed for bacterial and viral quantification and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Over the course of the study three clinical outcomes were observed; clinical cold (n = 17), asymptomatic infection (n = 6) or no infection (n = 14). These three outcome groups had no significant differences in the bacterial load, diversity or community composition at baseline. Over the twenty-eight days following RSV inoculation no significant changes in the bacterial community were observed between the outcome groups. This study of healthy adults revealed no major changes in the bacterial community of the respiratory tracts following RSV inoculation, suggesting that this microbial community is resilient to viral perturbations.

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The impact of persistent bacterial bronchitis on the pulmonary microbiome of children

Cited by 33 publications

References 25 publications

When the Cough Does Not Improve: A Review on Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis in Children

When the Cough Does Not Improve: A Review on Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis in Children

Viral respiratory infections and the oropharyngeal bacterial microbiota in acutely wheezing children

The Effect of RSV Infection on the Respiratory Microbiome of Adults

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