“…School principals, despite their responsibility and expected accountability, have not been studied as extensively. In the few studies on the subject, burn-out was examined in relation to performance-based accreditation standards, and to the age and gender of principals (Hipps and Halpin 1991), to the level of administration in education, administration stress, and sex-role orientation (Torelli and Gmelch 1993), to job intensity and role ambiguity (Gmelch 1994), to stress response (Gmelch and Chan 1995), to external pressures, job overload, bureaucracy, and lack of management (Draper and McMichael 1996), and to organization stressors and human resource management (Friedman 1997).…”