The Impact of Physical Activity on Food Reward: Review and Conceptual Synthesis of Evidence from Observational, Acute, and Chronic Exercise Training Studies

Beaulieu, Kristine; Oustric, Pauline; Finlayson, Graham

doi:10.1007/s13679-020-00372-3

Cited by 53 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…This increase in liking for sweet (in parallel with a decrease in fat) may reflect an increase in preference for low-fat sweet foods such as fruits, etc., but remains to be explored further. As recently highlighted by Beaulieu et al (Beaulieu et al, 2020), it appears that exercise has beneficial effects on food reward and preferences.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Does exercising before or after a meal affect energy balance in adolescents with obesity?

Fillon

Beaulieu

Miguet

et al. 2020

Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases

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Background and aim. Exercise timing has been suggested to affect appetite and energy intake (EI).The aim of this study was to examine the impact of exercising immediately before or after a meal on EI, appetite sensations and food reward (FR) in adolescents with obesity.Methods and results. Seventeen adolescents with obesity completed 3 experimental sessions (randomized controlled trial): rest+lunch (CON); exercise+lunch (EX-MEAL); lunch+exercise (MEAL-EX). The exercise consisted of cycling 30 minutes at 65%V O2peak. Outcomes included ad libitum EI (weighed lunch and dinner), FR (Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire at pre-and postcombination of exercise/rest and lunch, and pre-dinner) and appetite sensations (visual analogue scales).EI was not different between conditions. Compared with CON, relative EI at lunch was lower in EX-MEAL and MEAL-EX (p≤0.05) and daily only in MEAL-EX (p<0.01). Postprandial fullness was higher in EX-MEAL compared to CON. Compared with CON, both EX-MEAL and MEAL-EX attenuated the increase in wanting for sweet food and reduced explicit liking for fat.Conclusions. These preliminary results suggest that exercising immediately before or after a meal produce few differences in appetite and have small beneficial effects on overall energy balance in adolescents with obesity, as well as on FR.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Does exercising before or after a meal affect energy balance in adolescents with obesity?

Fillon

Beaulieu

Miguet

et al. 2020

Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases

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“…On the contrary, during exercise, the strengthening of cognitive processes such as inhibitory control could have a moderating effect on wanting rather than liking [ 50 ]. However, it has recently been suggested that chronic exercise could decrease wanting for high-energy food while increasing liking for low-energy food, raising the questions of the mechanisms of change in food reward: cognitive processes, modulation of brain reward systems or other mechanisms [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, liking and wanting are separable components of food reward with distinguishable brain systems [ 9 ], that may have independent roles in eating behavior and in characterizing susceptibility to weight gain [ 10 ]. Both liking and wanting are strong determinants of what we eat, but the hedonic value (liking) and the incentive motivation (wanting) can separate under specific situations (e.g., exercise, eating disorders) which remain to be studied [ 3 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Liking but Not Wanting Decreases after Controlled Intermittent or Continuous Energy Restriction to ≥5% Weight Loss in Women with Overweight/Obesity

et al. 2021

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Food reward (i.e., liking and wanting) has been shown to decrease after different types of weight management interventions. However, it is unknown whether specific dietary modalities (continuous (CER) vs. intermittent (IER) energy restriction) have differing effects on liking and implicit wanting after weight loss (WL) and whether these changes are sustained after 1-year of no-contact. Women with overweight or obesity (age 18–55 years) were randomly allocated to controlled-feeding CER (25% daily energy restriction) or IER (alternating ad libitum and 75% energy restriction days). Study visits were conducted at baseline, post-WL (to ≥5% WL within 12 weeks) and 1-year post-WL. The main outcomes were liking and implicit wanting for 4 categories of common food varying in fat and taste assessed by the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire. Linear mixed models were conducted on the 30 participants achieving ≥5% WL and 15 returners. After an initial WL of −5.1 ± 0.2 kg, after 1-year 2.6 ± 0.5 kg were regained. Liking but not wanting decreased after WL. Food reward after 1-year did not differ from baseline, but the high loss to follow-up prevents generalization. IER and CER did not differ in their effects on food reward during WL or at 1-year follow-up.

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“…When seeking to situate these findings, it is important to note that although many studies have examined the effects of short-term energy deficits on food reward (food restriction and exercise) [6,29,49], the influence of positive energy balance (overfeeding) has received substantially less attention. Furthermore, reward-related outcomes have only been assessed using fMRI, and therefore direct comparison with our results is not possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Short-Term Hyperenergetic, High-Fat Feeding on Appetite, Appetite-Related Hormones, and Food Reward in Healthy Men

et al. 2020

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Short-term overfeeding may provoke compensatory appetite responses to correct the energy surplus. However, the initial time-course of appetite, appetite-related hormone, and reward-related responses to hyperenergetic, high-fat diets (HE-HFD) are poorly characterised. Twelve young healthy men consumed a HE-HFD (+50% energy, 65% fat) or control diet (36% fat) for seven days in a randomised crossover design. Mean appetite perceptions were determined during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after each diet. Fasted appetite perceptions, appetite-related hormones, and reward parameters were measured pre-diet and after 1-, 3- and 7-days of each diet. The HE-HFD induced a pre-to-post diet suppression in mean appetite during the OGTT (all ratings p ≤ 0.058, effect size (d) ≥ 0.31), and reduced the preference for high-fat vs. low-fat foods (main effect diet p = 0.036, d = 0.32). Fasted leptin was higher in the HE-HFD than control diet (main effect diet p < 0.001, d = 0.30), whilst a diet-by-time interaction (p = 0.036) revealed fasted acylated ghrelin was reduced after 1-, 3- and 7-days of the HE-HFD (all p ≤ 0.040, d ≥ 0.50 vs. pre-diet). Appetite perceptions and total peptide YY in the fasted state exhibited similar temporal patterns between the diets (diet-by-time interaction p ≥ 0.077). Seven days of high-fat overfeeding provokes modest compensatory changes in subjective, hormonal, and reward-related appetite parameters.

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The Impact of Physical Activity on Food Reward: Review and Conceptual Synthesis of Evidence from Observational, Acute, and Chronic Exercise Training Studies

Cited by 53 publications

References 71 publications

Does exercising before or after a meal affect energy balance in adolescents with obesity?

Does exercising before or after a meal affect energy balance in adolescents with obesity?

Food Liking but Not Wanting Decreases after Controlled Intermittent or Continuous Energy Restriction to ≥5% Weight Loss in Women with Overweight/Obesity

Influence of Short-Term Hyperenergetic, High-Fat Feeding on Appetite, Appetite-Related Hormones, and Food Reward in Healthy Men

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