The impact of planting density on forest monospecific plantations: An overview

Gabira, Mônica Moreno; Girona, Miguel Montoro; DesRochers, Annie; Kratz, Dagma; Barbosa, Milson dos Santos; Duarte, Márcia do Rocio; Aguiar, Natália Saudade de; Wendling, Ivar

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2023.120882

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 253 publications

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“…Trajectories of annual carbon increments relative to spacing for our study patterned similarly to those of other non-coppiced poplar stands reported in the literature, CAI AGC and MAI AGC rose quickest and peaked earliest for the tightest spacings [39,58]. Because the productivity of young plantations is fundamentally tied to light-intercepting leaf area [34,68,69], most SRWC systems feature relatively high planting densities designed to rapidly build stand-level, rather than tree-level, leaf area. This design enhances early stand productivity, shifting slopes of CAI and MAI to rise more quickly with an increase in stand density [39,58,70].…”

Section: Stand Development and Dynamics Of Carbon Accumulationsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…We understand from research conducted on various SRWC systems that optimizing system functions or production of multiple ecosystem services at a given site balances on decisions concerning species or cultivar, planting design, cultivation and silvicultural practices, and cutting cycle. Work on poplar SRWC systems in the temperate zone illustrates that planting arrangement and spacing hold a prevailing influence over tree growth and stand development [33,34]. This ultimately translates to affect variables that inform deci-sions relevant to bioenergy feedstock production such as feedstock dimension, feedstock quality, total biomass yield, and optimal rotation length [35][36][37][38]; additional variables that inform decisions relevant to a carbon stock objectives including tree allometry, stand-level carbon accumulation increment, and soil carbon status [39][40][41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early Dynamics of Carbon Accumulation as Influenced by Spacing of a Populus deltoides Planting

Gardiner,

Poudel,

Leininger

et al. 2024

Forests

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The fast-growing tree, eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides), currently is being planted to catalyze native forest restoration on degraded agricultural sites in the southeastern United States. Many of these restoration sites are appropriate for short rotation woody crop (SRWC) culture that addresses climate mitigation objectives, but information needed to optimize climate mitigation objectives through such plantings is limited. Therefore, we established a 10-year experiment on degraded agricultural land located in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA, aiming to quantify the dynamics of aboveground carbon (AGC) accumulation in a cottonwood planting of four replicated spacing levels (3.7 × 3.7 m, 2.7 × 1.8 m, 2.1 × 0.8 m, and (0.8 + 1.8) × 0.8 m) aligned with SRWC systems targeting various ecosystem services. Annual sampling revealed a substantial range in increments of AGC and year 10 carbon stocks among stands of different densities. Mean annual increments for AGC (MAIAGC) were similar for the two tightest spacing levels, peaking higher than for the other two spacings at about 7.5 Mg ha−1 y−1 in year 7. Year 10 AGC ranged between 22.3 Mg ha−1 for stands spaced 3.7 × 3.7 m and 70.1 Mg ha−1 for stands of the two tightest spacings, leading us to conclude that a spacing between 2.1 × 0.8 m and 2.7 × 1.8 m would maximize aboveground carbon stocks through year 10 on sites of similar agricultural degradation. Increments and accumulation of AGC on the degraded site trended lower than values reported from more productive sites but illustrate that quick and substantial transformation of the carbon stock status of degraded agricultural sites can be achieved with the application of SRWCs to restore forests for climate mitigation and other compatible ecosystem services.

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Section: Stand Development and Dynamics Of Carbon Accumulationsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Dynamics of Carbon Accumulation as Influenced by Spacing of a Populus deltoides Planting

Gardiner,

Poudel,

Leininger

et al. 2024

Forests

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“…Sap ow and transpiration are primarily in uenced by air temperature and solar radiation, among other environmental factors. However, studies examining the effects of tree density on physiological processes are less common than dendrological measurements, likely because of the greater complexity involved in eld assessments (Gabira et al, 2023). To the best of our knowledge, no studies have attempted to describe the in uence of tree density by means of ecophysiological processes, particularly sap ow, because these measurements are costly in terms of equipment as well as data post-processing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Diurnal Solar Radiation Regime and Tree Density on Sap Flow of Norway Spruce (Picea Abies [L.] Karst.) in Fragmented Stands

Singh

Zabihi

Trubin³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Research literature contains extensive discussion on the issue of stand density optimisation, which is utterly important from a practical standpoint. The multifaceted nature of the problem and a wide range of possible solutions account for why it has not lost its relevance [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Plantation Density on Some Physical and Technological Parameters of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

Sharapov,

Demakov,

Korolev

2024

Forests

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The issue of optimising the initial stand density (ISD) of tree plantations has high practical importance. The objective of this study was to non-destructively evaluate the influence of the initial stand density of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) plantations located in the European part of the Russian Federation on wood basic density (BD), moisture content (MC), ultrasound velocity (UV), latewood content, and drilling resistance (DR). The trees at the age of 45 years with initial plantation densities of 500, 1000, 3000, 5000, and 10,000 trees/ha were tested by a 5 cm-long core sample for gravimetric MCGM and BD by PULSAR-2.2 for UV along the height (UVH) and through the tree trunk diameter (UVD) by the IML-RESI PD-400 tool for DR, as well as by GANN HT 85T for MC based on the electrical-resistance method (MCERM). A significant influence of ISD was found on DBH, UVD, MCGM, and MCERM. ISD had no significant impact on BD, UVH, and DR. The wood BD ranged from 356 to 578 kg·m−3 with a mean value of 434 ± 3.3 kg·m−3 and was restricted by the soil and environmental factors. DBH and 70% MCERM were good indicators of tree vitality. Linear correlations between DBH and MCERM (R2 = 0.67), DBH and MCGM (R2 = 0.74), DR and BD (R2 = 0.71), and the two-factor model MCGM = f(DBH, BD) with R2 = 0.76 were found.

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The impact of planting density on forest monospecific plantations: An overview

Cited by 16 publications

References 253 publications

Early Dynamics of Carbon Accumulation as Influenced by Spacing of a Populus deltoides Planting

Early Dynamics of Carbon Accumulation as Influenced by Spacing of a Populus deltoides Planting

Effect of Diurnal Solar Radiation Regime and Tree Density on Sap Flow of Norway Spruce (Picea Abies [L.] Karst.) in Fragmented Stands

Effect of Plantation Density on Some Physical and Technological Parameters of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

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