The impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on serotype 19A nasopharyngeal carriage

Htar, Myint Tin Tin; Sings, Heather L.; Syrochkina, M; Taysi, Bulent; Hilton, Betsy; Schmitt, Heinz-Josef; Gessner, Bradford D.; Jódar, Luis

doi:10.1080/14760584.2019.1675521

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…One noticeable result was the low prevalence of serotype 19A in carriage. Serotype 19A has been reported to emerge at various sites in replacement after PCV7 implementation 8 , 39 and to persist in carriage in populations with infants vaccinated with PCV10 42 , 46 . Here, carriage of 19A was detected in only two children and exclusively with the molecular method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumococcal carriage in unvaccinated children at the time of vaccine implementation into the national immunization program in Poland

Wróbel-Pawelczyk

Ronkiewicz

Wanke-Rytt

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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We investigated pneumococcal carriage among unvaccinated children under five years of age at a time when the conjugate polysaccharide vaccine (PCV) was introduced in Poland into the national immunization program (NIP). Paired nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) and saliva samples collected between 2016 and 2020 from n = 394 children were tested with conventional culture and using qPCR. The carriage rate detected by culture was 25.4% (97 of 394), by qPCR 39.1% (155 of 394), and 40.1% (158 of 394) overall. The risk of carriage was significantly elevated among day care center attendees, and during autumn/winter months. Among isolates cultured, the most common serotypes were: 23A, 6B, 15BC, 10A, 11A. The coverage of PCV10 and PCV13 was 23.2% (23 of 99) and 26.3% (26 of 99), respectively. Application of qPCR lead to detection of 168 serotype carriage events, with serogroups 15, 6, 9 and serotype 23A most commonly detected. Although the highest number of carriers was identified by testing NPS with qPCR, saliva significantly contributed to the overall number of detected carriers. Co-carriage of multiple serotypes was detected in 25.3% (40 of 158) of carriers. The results of this study represent a baseline for the future surveillance of effects of pneumococcal vaccines in NIP in Poland.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumococcal carriage in unvaccinated children at the time of vaccine implementation into the national immunization program in Poland

Wróbel-Pawelczyk

Ronkiewicz

Wanke-Rytt

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Of these, 185 SRs met all inclusion criteria. Only 27 (15%) SRs were industry funded [ 29 – 55 ]. After matching, 30 non-industry funded SRs [ 56 – 85 ] were randomly chosen resulting in a total sample size of 57 (see Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of industry sponsorship on the quality of systematic reviews of vaccines: a cross-sectional analysis of studies published from 2016 to 2019

et al. 2022

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Background Systematic reviews (SRs) provide the highest level of evidence and inform evidence-based decision making in health care. Earlier studies found association with industry to be negatively associated with methodological quality of SRs. However, this has not been investigated in SRs on vaccines. Methods We performed a systematic literature search using MEDLINE and EMBASE in March 2020. The results were restricted to those published between 2016 and 2019 with no language restrictions. Study characteristics were extracted by one person and checked by an experienced reviewer. The methodological quality of the SRs was assessed with the AMSTAR 2 tool by multiple reviewers after a calibration exercise was performed. A summary score for each SR was calculated. The Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact test were performed to compare both groups. Results Out of 185 SRs that met all inclusion criteria, 27 SRs were industry funded. Those were matched with 30 non-industry funded SRs resulting in a total sample size of 57. The mean AMSTAR 2 summary score across all SRs was 0.49. Overall, the median AMSTAR 2 summary score was higher for the non-industry funded SRs than for the industry-funded SRs (0.62 vs. 0.36; p < .00001). Lower ratings for industry funded SRs were consistent across all but one AMSTAR 2 item, though significantly lower only for three specific items. Conclusion The methodological quality of SRs in vaccination is comparable to SRs in other fields, while it is still suboptimal. We are not able to provide a satisfactory explanation why industry funded SRs had a lower methodological quality than non-industry funded SRs over recent years. Industry funding is an important indicator of methodological quality for vaccine SRs and should be carefully considered when appraising SR quality.

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“…A systematic review of 13 RCTs and 86 observational studies of the effect of PCV vaccines on serotype 19A nasopharyngeal carriage concluded that in countries with relatively high pneumococcal antibiotic resistance using higher-valent PCV vaccines for routine childhood immunisation reduced antibiotic resistant IPD, otitis media and nasopharyngeal carriage rates in children and also antibiotic-resistant IPD in adults and that the effectiveness of PCV13 against serotype 19A was an important factor [34].…”

Section: Effect Of Vaccination On Ipd Caused By Antibiotic-resistant mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumococcal Pneumonia and Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Those 65 and Older: Rates of Detection, Risk Factors, Vaccine Effectiveness, Hospitalisation and Mortality

Thomas

2021

Geriatrics

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Pneumococcal pneumonia (PP) and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) are important causes of morbidity and mortality in seniors worldwide. Incidence rates and serious outcomes worsen with increasing frailty, numbers of risk factors and decreasing immune competence with increasing age. Literature reviews in Medline and Embase were performed for pneumococcal disease incidence, risk factors, vaccination rates and effectiveness in the elderly. The introduction of protein-conjugated pneumoccal vaccines (PCV) for children markedly reduced IPD and PP in seniors, but serotypes not included in vaccines and with previously low levels increased. Pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPV23) vaccination does not change nasal and pharyngeal carriage rates. Pneumococcal and influenza vaccination rates in seniors are below guideline levels, especially in older seniors and nursing home staff. Pneumococcal and influenza carriage and vaccination rates of family members, nursing home health care workers and other contacts are unknown. National vaccination programmes are effective in increasing vaccination rates. Detection of IPD and PP initially depend on clinical symptoms and new chest X ray infiltrates and then varies according to the population and laboratory tests used. To understand how seniors and especially older seniors acquire PP and IPD data are needed on pneumococcal disease and carriage rates in family members, carers and contacts. Nursing homes need reconfiguring into small units with air ventilation externally from all rooms to minimise respiratory disease transmission and dedicated staff for each unit to minimise transmision of infectious diseaases.

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The impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on serotype 19A nasopharyngeal carriage

Cited by 7 publications

References 129 publications

Pneumococcal carriage in unvaccinated children at the time of vaccine implementation into the national immunization program in Poland

Pneumococcal carriage in unvaccinated children at the time of vaccine implementation into the national immunization program in Poland

Impact of industry sponsorship on the quality of systematic reviews of vaccines: a cross-sectional analysis of studies published from 2016 to 2019

Pneumococcal Pneumonia and Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Those 65 and Older: Rates of Detection, Risk Factors, Vaccine Effectiveness, Hospitalisation and Mortality

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