The impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on community-acquired pneumonia hospitalizations in children with comorbidity

Sterky, Ellinor; Bennet, Rutger; Lindstrand, Ann; Eriksson, Margareta; Nilsson, Anna

doi:10.1007/s00431-016-2843-2

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…34 Pneumococcal vaccination also reduces the number of hospitalizations due to IPD in patients with comorbidities, such as cancer. 35 Moreover, a study in adults showed that influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations were immunogenic when administered early in the course of disease, ideally 4 to 6 weeks (at least 2 weeks) before starting the chemotherapy and, if not possible, 3 months after the end of chemotherapy. 36 Several other studies suggest that vaccination with PCV13 directly after completion of chemotherapy is safe and highly effective to prevent IPD without age restriction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been reported that children undergoing therapy for an ALL have a relative risk of 11.4 times of developing an invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) during the first 2 years post-cancer diagnosis compared with healthy children 34 . Pneumococcal vaccination also reduces the number of hospitalizations due to IPD in patients with comorbidities, such as cancer 35 . Moreover, a study in adults showed that influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations were immunogenic when administered early in the course of disease, ideally 4 to 6 weeks (at least 2 weeks) before starting the chemotherapy and, if not possible, 3 months after the end of chemotherapy 36 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vaccine Immunity in Children After Hematologic Cancer Treatment: A Retrospective Single-center Study

Cetin,

Gumy-Pause,

Gualtieri

et al. 2023

Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology

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Background: Children lose their vaccine-induced protection and are particularly vulnerable to vaccine-preventable diseases after chemotherapy. However, revaccination guidelines are heterogeneous, and there is often a lack of revaccination post-treatment. Aims: We conducted a retrospective study of children with hematologic cancer to evaluate vaccine immunity before and after the end of treatment and to determine whether the current institutional revaccination program based on vaccine serology results was followed and effective. Materials and Methods: Data of all children treated by chemotherapy between April 2015 and July 2021 were extracted from hospital medical records for analysis. Serum antibody levels and time of vaccination were evaluated for diphtheria, tetanus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), measles, varicella, and hepatitis B. Results: We included 31 patients (median age, 9 years). At cancer diagnosis, 90% of children were protected against tetanus, diphtheria, and measles; 65% to 67% were protected against pneumococcus and varicella; and 25% against hepatitis B. At the end of chemotherapy, 67% to 71% of patients were protected against tetanus, varicella, and measles; 40% remained protected against hepatitis B; and 27% to 33% against pneumococcus and diphtheria. Patients were revaccinated at various times after the end of treatment but not systematically. During the first-year post-treatment, 20% to 25% of children remained unprotected against pneumococcus, measles, and hepatitis B, one third against diphtheria, but all were protected against tetanus and varicella. Conclusions: An effective individualized vaccination program post-cancer based on serology results should be accompanied by an appropriate serology tracking method and follow-up to assess if booster doses are necessary. Our study supports vaccinating all children with a dose of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate at cancer diagnosis and at 3 months post-treatment with the combined diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis/poliomyelitis vaccine/hepatitis B virus plus or minus Hib and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate and meningococcal vaccine, including measles/mumps/rubella-varicella zoster virus vaccine if good immune reconstitution is present.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine Immunity in Children After Hematologic Cancer Treatment: A Retrospective Single-center Study

Cetin,

Gumy-Pause,

Gualtieri

et al. 2023

Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology

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“…The comorbidities included were asthma (ICD-9-CM: 493), diabetes mellitus (DM) (ICD-9-CM: 450), chronic lung disease (ICD-9-CM: 770.7), heart failure (ICD-9-CM: 428), epilepsy (ICD-9-CM: 345), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (ICD-9-CM: 580∼589), diagnosed once at hospitalization or at least thrice in the outpatient department in 1 year. These medical conditions were proved to be risk factors of pneumonia (18,19). The propensity score was calculated using the Statistical Analysis System 9.4 program (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA).…”

Section: Sampled Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Hospitalization Rate for Lower Airway Infection in Transfusion-Naïve Thalassemia Children

Tsai

Yang³

et al. 2020

Front. Pediatr.

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Few studies have addressed the risk of infection in transfusion-naïve thalassemia patients. We aimed to investigate whether transfusion-naïve thalassemia population has higher hospitalization rates for lower airway infection-related diseases than non-thalassemia population in children. A nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using detailed medical records of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Transfusion-naïve thalassemia patients were compared with a matched cohort at a ratio of 1:4. Data of the selected patients were adjusted for age, sex, and related comorbidities. We recorded the frequency of admissions or outpatient clinic visits for patients with a diagnosis of pneumonia or acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis. Based on our results, the hospitalization rates and incidence rate ratios of bronchitis/bronchiolitis and pneumonia for transfusion-naïve thalassemia children were all higher than those for non-thalassemia controls. Therefore, we conclude that transfusion-naïve thalassemia children are more likely to experience lower airway infections and have a higher probability of hospitalization for these conditions.

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“…Many pathogens are responsible for CAP in children, including Streptococcus pneumonia and Haemophilus influenzae . Several viral pathogens have also been acknowledged as important pathogens for CAP, including influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenoviruses [ 5 ]. In any case, it must be considered that conventional microbiological studies can identify the etiology in only a limited number of patients [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-differences in incidence of hospitalizations and in hospital mortality of community-acquired pneumonia among children in Spain: a population-based study

et al. 2022

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The aim of this study is to examine trends from 2016 to 2019 in the incidence of hospitalizations and in-hospital mortality (IHM) of subjects < 18 years with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), assessing possible sex differences. We used Spanish national hospital discharge data to select all patients < 18 years with CAP. We identified 43,511 children (53% boys) hospitalized with CAP. The incidence of CAP was significantly higher in boys than in girls, with an age-adjusted incidence rate ratio of 1.05 (95%CI 1.03–1.07) for boys compared to girls, and rose from 126 per 100,000 children in 2016 to 131 in 2019 (p < 0.0001). There were no sex differences in isolated pathogens, comorbidities, length of hospital stay, or IHM. Variables independently associated with IHM were age 10 to 17 years, congenital heart disease, neurological diseases, and use of invasive mechanical ventilation. Asthma was a protective factor for IHM among girls.Conclusion: The incidence of hospital admissions for CAP was higher among boys than among girls and rose significantly from 2016 to 2019. There were no sex differences in hospital outcomes. Age 10 to 17 years, congenital heart disease, neurological diseases, and use of mechanical ventilation were risk factors for IHM in both sexes, while asthma was a protective factor among girls. No differences were found in IHM over time. What is Known:• Community-acquired pneumonia is one of the most common reasons for hospitalizations among children.• There are few studies that allow to know the evolution of community-acquired pneumonia in children. What is New:• Incidence of hospital admissions for community-acquired pneumonia was higher in boys than girls and it rose significantly from 2016 to 2019.• Age 10 to 17 years, congenital heart disease, neurological diseases and use of mechanical ventilation were risk factors for in-hospital mortality in both sexes.

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The impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on community-acquired pneumonia hospitalizations in children with comorbidity

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Vaccine Immunity in Children After Hematologic Cancer Treatment: A Retrospective Single-center Study

Vaccine Immunity in Children After Hematologic Cancer Treatment: A Retrospective Single-center Study

Higher Hospitalization Rate for Lower Airway Infection in Transfusion-Naïve Thalassemia Children

Sex-differences in incidence of hospitalizations and in hospital mortality of community-acquired pneumonia among children in Spain: a population-based study

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