The Impact of Positive and Negative Fitness Exemplars on Motivation

Regulatory Focus Strategies Scale: A measure of individual differences in the endorsement of regulatory strategies

“…(2002) reported good reliability (promotion, α = 0.81; prevention, α = 0.75) and predictive validity. Individuals with promotion‐focused goals are more strongly motivated by positive role models, whereas those with prevention‐focused goals are more motivated by negative role models (Lockwood et al ., 2002; Lockwood, Sadler, Frynan, & Tuck, 2004; Lockwood, Chasteen, & Wong, 2005a; Lockwood, Wong, McShane, & Dolderman, 2005c).…”

Analogy and Exemplary Reasoning in Legal Discourse

“…Zagzebski also claims that 'it is easier to model ourselves on what we want to be than on what we want to avoid' and has raised doubts about the educational value of negative exemplars (Zagzebski, 2017, p. 31). However, there is some empirical evidence to support the view that negative exemplars have motivational force, and that teaching methods that provide exposure to both positive and negative exemplars are more effective -at least in the domains under study -than exclusive exposure to positive exempla (see P. Haack, 1972;and Lockwood et al, 2005). Thus, exemplars of judicial vice, alongside with exempla of judicial virtue, should also be given a role within a theory of judicial exemplarity (see G. Williams, 2013).…”

Role models' influence on smoking reduction

“…Most importantly, role models have also been used effectively to increase behavioral intentions in activities related to improving health (Lankford et al, 2003;Lockwood, Chasteen, & Wong, 2005;Lockwood, Wong, McShane, & Dolderman, 2005). Much research has demonstrated that positive role models are effective at promoting positive outcomes in various domains, especially when similarity between the individual and role model is increased or made salient.…”