The Impact of Post 9/11 Airport Security Measures on the Demand for Air Travel

Blalock, Garrick; Kadiyali, Vrinda; Simon, Daniel

doi:10.2139/ssrn.677563

Cited by 39 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The findings of Blalock et al (2007) in this connection show that the implementation of baggage screening in the US after 9/11 has led to a considerable reduction in demand for air travel, even after controlling for other effects which may have simultaneously affected travel demand. That is, the study shows that counterterrorism measures actually worsened the situation of an industry sector already hit by terrorism; the findings imply a trade-off between security (baggage screening) and industry profitability.…”

Section: Impacts Across Sectorsmentioning

confidence: 80%

The Economics of Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism: A Survey (Part II)

2010

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in Economics of Security Working Paper SeriesEconomics of Security is an initiative managed by DIW Berlin AbstractThis survey provides an in-depth analysis of existing research on the economic analysis of terrorism and counter-terrorist measures. First the existing evidence on the causes of terrorism is analyzed, then we consider the evidence of the consequences of terrorism and we demonstrate why it is important to regarding of the issue of counter-terrorism policy. Moreover the survey presents the existing knowledge on the interrelation between the economy and the issue of security and it incorporates analysis the level of knowledge about the causal chains between security and the economy. Also it focuses on perspective and methodologies from the discipline of economics but also refers to research from related disciplines (sociology, political science). It also assembles the knowledge on the impact of terrorism on the economy as reflected in macro-economic variables and its impact on specific sectors. Furthermore it assesses how potential an actual terrorist event determine consumer and producer behaviour, public policy, as well as terrorist responses to these policies. Finally a European perspective on the terrorism security annexes is discussed and here we analyze the causes of terrorism in Europe.JEL-Code: K42, H56, O17.Keywords: risk, insecurity, survey, terrorism, counter-terrorism, security economics This paper consists of two parts. Part I comprises chapters 1 to 4 and part II comprises chapters 5 to 9 -including the references.

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Section: Impacts Across Sectorsmentioning

confidence: 80%

The Economics of Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism: A Survey (Part II)

2010

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“…Moreover these companies generally paid poor wages (quoted in one report as being less than working at a fast food outlet (Segan, 2011), resulting in low morale and high staff turnover. Post-09/11, changes to the TSA controlled security screening process meant that the number of screeners was expanded to 56k screeners (but then subsequently reduced to 46k) , and that screening personnel were provided with typically over 100 hours of training (Blalock et al, 2007). Given that, on average, a screener has typically between 3-6 seconds to make a decision on a single x-ray baggage image (Al-Fundi et al, 2009), the need for extensive training is self-evident.…”

Section: Pre/post 9/11 Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the time, theavailable semi-automated screening technology was only capable of screening 150 -200 bags per hour with a relatively high FPR of 30% (Blalock et al, 2007), resulting in severe delays for passengers The result of these security investments in screening also inevitably produced delays in international and nation air travel. Blalock (2007) found that this could be estimated to reduce passenger volumes by 5% (and a subsequent higher attributable civilian road death rate due to transport choices ), providing strong motivation for enhanced throughput technologies as well as efficient and effective screening methods.…”

Section: Pre/post 9/11 Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blalock (2007) found that this could be estimated to reduce passenger volumes by 5% (and a subsequent higher attributable civilian road death rate due to transport choices ), providing strong motivation for enhanced throughput technologies as well as efficient and effective screening methods. Schwaninger (2004) As part of the on-going development of baggage screening training processes, several types of tests and test objects have been developed in the US and Europe, and prompted significant activity in developing and understanding the psychophysics of the baggage detection process.…”

Section: Pre/post 9/11 Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of X-ray explosives detection techniques for checked baggage

Wells

Bradley

2012

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

221

116

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“…Destruction and fatalities/injuries represent main direct consequences. But for terrorist attacks affecting transport there will of course also be indirect consequences on transport volumes and transport mode choices-impacts that will remain for some time after the attack (Blalock et al 2007;Gordon et al 2008;Pizam and Fleischer 2002;Brück 2005). Possible traffic volume reductions following a terrorist attack have economic consequences by themselves, and transport mode changes may affect both time use and accidents and their injury severity.…”

Section: Inverse Ex Post Cost-benefit and Cost-effectiveness Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing security measures reducing terrorist risk: inverse ex post cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses of Norwegian airports and seaports

2010

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When the risks of unwanted events and the impacts of countermeasures are well-known, an economic assessment would compare the costs of the measures with the benefits of reduced risk. For evaluating countermeasures against terrorist attacks this is, however, not straight-forward. Both the baseline risk of terrorist attacks and the possible risk-reducing impacts of the security measures adopted are largely unknown. A possible approach to the economic assessment in such cases is to adopt inverse ex post economic analyses. Inverse ex post analysis in our case will be an assessment of already implemented security measures at Norwegian airports/seaports, trying to inversely estimate implicit benefits for estimated terror risks and risk changes due to the implemented measures. Such implicit benefits might be measured as implicit costs of lives saved or, more generally, as an implicit value of what is protected in airports and in seaports. Our analysis indicates that for justifying the costs of the implemented security measures, it implies huge cost per life saved and a quite enormous valuation of what the measures protect. A low estimated baseline risk of terror attacks explains to a large degree these findings. Nevertheless, even if fatalities represent a major societal cost of terrorist attacks, there are other potential costs regarding infrastructure, that to a large degree have been disregarded in our analyses. If all potential societal costs could be included, this would justify a higher level of security spending, but not necessarily the levels that our estimates indicate.

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The Impact of Post 9/11 Airport Security Measures on the Demand for Air Travel

Cited by 39 publications

References 9 publications

The Economics of Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism: A Survey (Part II)

The Economics of Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism: A Survey (Part II)

A review of X-ray explosives detection techniques for checked baggage

Assessing security measures reducing terrorist risk: inverse ex post cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses of Norwegian airports and seaports

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