The Impact of Pre-existing Comorbidities and Therapeutic Interventions on COVID-19

Callender, Lauren A.; Curran, M.D Walter J.; Bates, Stephanie M.; Mairesse, Maelle; Weigandt, Julia; Betts, Catherine J.

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01991

Cited by 169 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 194 publications

(271 reference statements)

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“…Pre-existing comorbidities in tobacco users such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, respiratory diseases, and hypertension are found to further aggravate the disease manifestations [58][59][60]. Being an important immune modulator, tobacco significantly suppresses the immune system by reducing antibody responses and T-cell proliferation, thereby increasing the susceptibility of tobacco users towards acute viral infections [61].…”

Section: Tobacco Use In the Vulnerable Population Including Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco use as a well-recognized cause of severe COVID-19 manifestations

Gupta

Nethan

Mehrotra

2021

Respiratory Medicine

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Introduction: The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection is caused by the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily affecting the lungs. All tobacco-related illnesses including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and coronary artery disease are known to reduce the lung capacity and impair the immune system of the body and can greatly influence the ability to fight the novel coronavirus. The purpose of this state-of-the-art literature review is to summarize the evidence of the association of tobacco use with the severity of the COVID-19 manifestations. Method: Articles describing the association of tobacco use with the severity of COVID-19 manifestations were searched on PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google. This review covers the relevant studies on the subject published from January 1, 2020 to September 10, 2020. Results: Tobacco use in all forms, whether smoking or chewing, is significantly associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes. Pre-existing comorbidities in tobacco users such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, respiratory diseases and hypertension were found to further aggravate the disease manifestations making the treatment of such COVID-19 patients more challenging due to their rapid clinical deterioration. Conclusions: Current review indicates that nicotine exposure is linked to cardiopulmonary vulnerability to COVID-19 and tobacco use can be a potential risk factor for not only getting the viral infection but also its severe manifestations. The current pandemic provides a teachable moment to break the cycle of nicotine addiction and accelerate national tobacco control programs to achieve a tobacco-free world.

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Section: Tobacco Use In the Vulnerable Population Including Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco use as a well-recognized cause of severe COVID-19 manifestations

Gupta

Nethan

Mehrotra

2021

Respiratory Medicine

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“…In December of 2019, a novel strain of beta coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged as the causative agent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which rapidly spread throughout the world and was declared a global pandemic by the WHO in March 2020 [ 1 ]. Advanced age and the presence of pre-existing comorbidities are considered risk factors for a more severe course and mortality of COVID-19 [ 2 , 3 ]. As of November 2020, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control has reported more than 50 million cases of COVID-19, including more than 1.3 million deaths worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokines and Chemokines in SARS-CoV-2 Infections—Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Cytokine Storm

Pum

Ennemoser

Adage³

et al. 2021

Biomolecules

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The recently identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, the cause of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the associated ongoing pandemic, frequently leads to severe respiratory distress syndrome and pneumonia with fatal consequences. Although several factors of this infection and its consequences are not completely clear, the presence and involvement of specific chemokines is undoubtedly crucial for the development and progression of COVID-19. Cytokine storm and the often-resulting cytokine release syndrome (CRS) are pathophysiological hallmarks in COVID-19 infections related to its most severe and fatal cases. In this hyperinflammatory event, chemokines and other cytokines are highly upregulated and are therefore not fulfilling their beneficial function in the host response anymore but causing harmful effects. Here, we present the recent views on the involvement of chemokines and selected cytokines in COVID-19 and the therapeutics currently in clinical development targeting or interfering with them, discussing their potentials in the treatment of COVID-19 infections.

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“…According to its severity, COVID-19 may be stratified from asymptomatic to mild and moderate presentations [in 80% of people], severe [15%], and critical, approximately in 5% of cases [ 6 ]. Despite elder people [ 7 ] and patients with baseline comorbidities or receiving different therapies [ 8 ] being the most vulnerable population, this condition affects all range of ages, including children and obstetric patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Profile of the Obstetric Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection According to Country of Origin of the Publication: A Systematic Review of the Literature

López

Recarte

Cueto-Hernández

et al. 2021

JCM

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SARS-CoV-2 is the novel member of coronavirus responsible for the worldwide pandemic COVID-19, affecting all types of people. In this context, established research identified pregnant women as a susceptible group of SARS-CoV-2 infection, although there is still limited data regarding the real impact of COVID-19 in this group. With that purpose, we conducted a systematic review describing the maternal-fetal results of pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2, in aim to analyze the profile of the obstetric patients according to the country of origin of the publication. A total of 38 articles were included in this systematic review with 2670 patients from 7 countries, with 20 works published from China (52.6%). We reported significative differences according to the median maternal age, with Spain as the country with the highest age (34.6 years); The percentage of tabaquism; proportion of symptomatic patients in the triage; type of radiological exam (China and France conduct CT scans on all their patients in comparison to the use of chest X-Ray in the rest of the countries studied); percentages of C-sections (83.9% in China; 35.9% Spain, p < 0.001); maternal mortality rate, proportion of patients who need treatments, the use of antivirals, antibiotics, and anticoagulants as well as measurements of the newborns. Perinatal results are favorable in the majority of countries, with very low rates of vertical transmission in the majority of works. The studies collected in this review showed moderate to high index of quality. The different works describe the affectation during the first wave of the pandemic, where the pregnant woman with SARS-CoV-2 infection is generally symptomatic during the third trimester of gestation along with other factors associated with worse prognosis of the disease, such as higher age, body mass index, and further comorbidities developed during pregnancy. In the obstetric patient, proportion of C-sections are elevated together with prematurity, increasing maternal perinatal morbimortality. Differences found between countries could be based on the proper profile of the patient in each region, the period of the pandemic directly affecting how it was managed, and the variations regarding in situ medical attention.

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The Impact of Pre-existing Comorbidities and Therapeutic Interventions on COVID-19

Cited by 169 publications

References 194 publications

Tobacco use as a well-recognized cause of severe COVID-19 manifestations

Tobacco use as a well-recognized cause of severe COVID-19 manifestations

Cytokines and Chemokines in SARS-CoV-2 Infections—Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Cytokine Storm

The Profile of the Obstetric Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection According to Country of Origin of the Publication: A Systematic Review of the Literature

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