“…There are announced quizzes (Hatteberg & Steffy, 2013; Phillips & Compton, 2016), surprise quizzes (Sappington, Kinsey, & Munsayac, 2002), summaries of reading materials and learning logs (Carney, Fry, Gabriele, & Ballard, 2008; Edgcomb & Vahid, 2015; Lei, Rhinehart, Howard, & Cho, 2010; McConnell & Hoover, 2008), and textbook alternatives such as e-texts (Kuzma, Kuzma, & Thiewes, 2013; Landrum, Gurung, & Spann, 2012; Lewis & Hanc, 2012). Vandsburger and Duncan-Daston (2011) focused on faculty presenting their learning goals to students before assigning readings, and Osa-Melero (2012) and Coulter and Smith (2012) introduced pre-reading assignments as ways for students to retain their reading materials better. Finally, Ryan (2006) and Nash-Ditzel (2010) developed metacognitive reading strategies such as global assignments with planned quizzes as well as focused homework assignments.…”