THE IMPACT OF PREDATION ON LIFE HISTORY EVOLUTION IN TRINIDADIAN GUPPIES ( POECILIA RETICULATA )

Intraspecific evidence from guppies for correlated patterns of male and female genital trait diversification

“…This difference is unlikely to be owing to the production of larger offspring in these populations, because females from high-predation streams tend to produce smaller, not larger offspring [55]. Indeed, our measurements of mean offspring size among populations confirmed that females from high-predation sites produced significantly smaller offspring than their low-predation counterparts (table 3).…”

Testing for local host–parasite adaptation: an experiment with Gyrodactylus ectoparasites and guppy hosts

“…Our finding that patterns of local host and parasite maladaptation were not influenced by the predation regime but were strongly influenced by the drainage source and therefore host (and perhaps parasite) lineage runs counter to the idea that natural selection owing to ecological differences leads to deterministic patterns of parallel (or convergent) evolution (Endler, 1986;Schluter, 2000), and to evidence from a number of guppy traits for deterministic responses to predation (Reznick and Endler, 1982;Reznick et al, 1990;Rodd and Reznick, 1991;Endler, 1995, but see Torres-Dowdall et al, 2012. However, recent studies are increasingly emphasising the fact that evolution in similar environments is often not very similar (i.e., non-parallel or non-convergent) which suggests a considerable role for historical contingency (Kaeuffer et al, 2012;Fitzpatrick et al, 2013).…”

“…In response to these different mortality regimes, HP and LP guppies have evolved a number of behavioural, life history and morphological differences (see reviews : Endler, 1995;Houde, 1997;Magurran, 2005). As one example, HP guppies show earlier maturation and increased reproductive investment, with more frequent reproductive events and many but smaller embryos (Reznick, 1982;Reznick and Endler, 1982). Moreover, this evolution occurs rapidly following experimental introductions in nature (Reznick and Bryga, 1987;Reznick et al, 1990Reznick et al, , 1997Gordon et al, 2009) and is repeatable across watersheds colonised by very divergent guppy lineages and with different predator faunas (Reznick and Bryga, 1996;Reznick et al, 1996b).…”

Assessment of Potential Predation Costs of Male Decoration and Courtship Display in Wolf Spiders Using Video Digitization and Playback

“…While numerous studies indicate that male signals acting to increase conspicuousness to females also attract the attention of predators (Moodie, 1972;Endler, 1978Endler, , 1980Reznick and Endler, 1982;Sakaluk and Belwood, 1984;Petrie, 1992;Koga et al, 2001), there are fewer empirical or mechanistic studies (Endler, 1987(Endler, , 1991Gotmark, 1997;Kotiaho et al, 1998;Rosenthal et al, 2001) on aspects of predator detection.…”