The impact of prism adaptation test on surgical outcomes in patients with primary exotropia

Yilmaz, Ayse Kiyak; Köse, Süheyla; Yılmaz, Suzan Güven; Üretmen, Önder

doi:10.1111/cxo.12219

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In 12 studies alignment was measured using “prism alternate cover test PACT” [4, 5, 54, 58, 59, 63, 67, 70, 71, 74, 77, 78] and /or with “simultaneous prism cover test SPCT” in eight studies [4, 53, 63, 66, 74, 75, 77, 79]. “Cover test” was reported in five studies [2, 42, 73, 74, 79], “Synoptophore” in four [2, 4, 42, 53] and “Hirschberg test” in three [54, 73, 79].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sensory outcomes were either reported as any level of “binocularity/stereopsis” [2, 52, 55, 57–59, 67], or as “stereoacuity” (near or presumably near) [5, 56, 60, 71, 73, 76, 77, 79], or both; with “binocularity” and “stereoacuity” stated as two distinct outcome measures [42]. Additionally, “steroacuity at near and distance” was measured in four of intermittent exotropia studies [4, 66, 68, 74].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The outcome measurement used to assess stereoacuity were similar to those found in amblyopia studies, “Randot stereoacuity test” [71, 73, 74], with the addition of Titmus Housefly [42, 55, 60] and TNO [52, 66, 67]. “Sensory fusion” was measured with “Worth’s 4 dots” test in two studies [42, 67]. In one review, a stepwise approach of assessing binocularity was undertaken.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a core outcome set for amblyopia, strabismus and ocular motility disorders: a review to identify outcome measures

2019

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BackgroundCore Outcome Sets (COS) are defined as the minimum sets of outcomes that should be measured and reported in all randomised controlled trials to facilitate combination and comparability of research. The aim of this review is to produce an item bank of previously reported outcome measures from published studies in amblyopia, strabismus and ocular motility disorders to initiate the development of COS.MethodsA review was conducted to identify articles reporting outcome measures for amblyopia, strabismus and ocular motility disorders. Using systematic methods according to the COMET handbook we searched key electronic bibliographic databases from 1st January 2011 to 27th September 2016 using MESH terms and alternatives indicating the different subtypes of amblyopia, strabismus and ocular motility disorders in relation to treatment outcomes and all synonyms. We included Cochrane reviews, other systematic reviews, controlled trials, non-systematic reviews and retrospective studies. Data was extracted to tabulate demographics of included studies, primary and secondary outcomes, methods of measurement and their time points.ResultsA total of 142 studies were included; 42 in amblyopia, 33 in strabismus, and 68 in ocular motility disorders (one study overlap between amblyopia and strabismus). We identified ten main outcome measure domains for amblyopia, 14 for strabismus, and ten common “visual or motility” outcome measure domains for ocular motility disorders. Within the domains, we found variable nomenclature being used and diversity in methods and timings of measurements.ConclusionThis review highlights discrepancies in outcome measure reporting within published literature for amblyopia, strabismus and ocular motility and it generated an item bank of the most commonly used and reported outcome measures for each of the three conditions from recent literature to start the process of COS development. Consensus among all stakeholders including patients and professionals is recommended to establish a useful COS.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12886-019-1055-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a core outcome set for amblyopia, strabismus and ocular motility disorders: a review to identify outcome measures

2019

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“…Previous clinical studies have demonstrated that phoria adaptation is reduced in patients with binocular dysfunction such as convergence insufficiency ( Brautaset & Jennings, 2005a ; Brautaset & Jennings, 2006 ; Henson & North, 1980 ; North & Henson, 1981 ; Schor & Horner, 1989 ; Sreenivasan & Bobier, 2014 ), exotropia ( Kiyak Yilmaz, Kose, Yilmaz, & Uretmen, 2015 ; Zahavi, Friling, Ron, Ehrenberg, Nahum, & Snir, 2019 ), convergence excess esotropia ( Garretty, 2018 ; Wygnanski-Jaffe, Trotter, Watts, Kraft, & Abdolell, 2003 ), and decompensated heterophoria ( Przekoracka-Krawczyk, Michalak, & Pyżalska, 2019 ). In addition, there is evidence that therapeutic interventions such as vision therapy ( Brautaset & Jennings, 2006 ) or surgery ( Akbari, Mehrabi Bahar, Mirmohammadsadeghi, Bayat, & Masoumi, 2018 ; Garretty, 2018 ) may lead to an improvement in phoria adaptation in some patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test–retest of a phoria adaptation stimulus-induced functional MRI experiment

et al. 2020

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This study was designed to identify the neural substrates activated during a phoria adaptation task using functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in young adults with normal binocular vision and to test the repeatability of the fMRI measurements for this protocol. The phoria adaptation task consisted of a block protocol of 90 seconds of near visual crossed fixation followed by 90 seconds of far visual uncrossed fixation, repeated three times; the data were collected during two different experimental sessions. Results showed that the oculomotor vermis, cuneus, and primary visual cortex had the greatest functional activity within the regions of interest studied when stimulated by the phoria adaptation task. The oculomotor vermis functional activity had an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.3, whereas the bilateral cuneus and primary visual cortex had good ICC results of greater than 0.6. These results suggest that the sustained visual fixation task described within this study reliably activates the neural substrates of phoria adaptation. This protocol establishes a methodology that can be used in future longitudinal studies investigating therapeutic interventions that may modify phoria adaptation.

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“…Dadeya et al [ 12 ] performed PAT for two weeks. Kiyak Yilmaz et al [ 14 ] performed PAT for three or four hours until no additional prism was required to neutralize the deviation. Our results with the short-term PAT response at both near and distance fixation are similar to those of Ohtsuki et al [ 15 ], which imply that a short term PAT of 30 minutes may be sufficient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Intermittent Exotropia According to the Response to Short-term Prism Adaptation Test

Yun

Kim

Jung

2020

Korean J Ophthalmol

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Purpose To evaluate the prevalence of the prism adaptation response in patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT) using the short-term prism adaptation test (PAT) and to assess factors associated with prism adaptation response in IXT patients. Methods A case-controlled retrospective analysis was performed on 113 patients with IXT without prior surgical treatment. Age, sex, visual acuity, refraction, stereoacuity, control scale, type of exotropia, history of occlusion, and presence of accompanying visual symptoms were recorded. Prism alternate cover test (PACT) was performed with fixation targets at 6 m and 1/3 m. All patients underwent short-term PAT wearing prism glasses that offset the exodeviation previously measured by PACT. After 30 minutes, angle deviation was measured, and patients were classified into either an increase group, which had an increase in deviation ≥5 prism diopters after short-term PAT, or a no-change group. Analysis was performed to investigate the clinical factors influencing the increase in exodeviation after short-term PAT. Results Fifty patients (44.2%) showed an increase ≥5 prism diopters during distance or near fixation after short-term PAT compared to the previous PACT: 12 patients (10.6%) showed an increment at distance fixation, and 45 patients (39.8%) showed an increase at near fixation. At distance fixation, the increase-group had a significantly smaller maximum angle measured by PACT. At near distance, age at PAT, maximum distance angle, minimum distance angle, maximum near angle, minimum near angle, angle fluctuation at near, and IXT type showed significant associations with positive short-term PAT response. In the multivariate analysis, older age and smaller maximum near angle were significantly associated with positive short-term PAT response at near fixation. Conclusions Short-term PAT could be helpful in older IXT patients with a small maximum angle of deviation at near fixation to mitigate the vergence aftereffect and show the maximum angle of deviation.

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The impact of prism adaptation test on surgical outcomes in patients with primary exotropia

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Development of a core outcome set for amblyopia, strabismus and ocular motility disorders: a review to identify outcome measures

Development of a core outcome set for amblyopia, strabismus and ocular motility disorders: a review to identify outcome measures

Test–retest of a phoria adaptation stimulus-induced functional MRI experiment

Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Intermittent Exotropia According to the Response to Short-term Prism Adaptation Test

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