“…They proposed a framework that included criteria and ratings for content, interaction quality, and objective measures (participation rates and consistency of participation). This framework and subsequent studies were reviewed to select the following elements: contributions are regular and timely (Kemble, 2017;McKinney, 2018;Nandi, 2009;Phillippi, 2015), contributions display knowledge/content (McKinney, 2018;Nandi, 2009;Phillippi, 2015), contributions are reflective (Giacumo & Savenye, 2020;Nandi, 2009;Phillippi, 2015), contributes to social learning environment (McKinney, 2018;Nandi, 2009;Phillippi, 2015), additional resources shared (Kemble, 2017), and contributions are appropriately written and collegial (McKinney, 2018;Phillippi, 2015).…”