The impact of prolonged cadmium exposure and co-exposure with polychlorinated biphenyls on thyroid function in rats

Toxicology of Mixtures - Cd +PCBs Experimental Model

“…On the other hand, synergistic interactions between Cd and PCBs were proved for the parameters of kidney function. As reported in our previous study, 14 alterations in thyroid function, i.e. levels of thyroid hormones in serum can be attributed to the synergism between these two chemicals.…”

“…Detailed data on the experiment, statistical methods and concept used for interaction assessment are given in our previously published paper. 14 The study demonstrated significant effects on body weight gain suggesting possible developmental toxicity, and also confirmed hematotoxic, hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of these toxic agents. The obtained results also gave the evidence of thyroid disrupting effects: cadmium mainly caused decrease in T3 hormone levels suggesting predominant disruption of extrathyroid processes, while PCBs showed more profound effect on T4 hormone levels presumably as the result of PCBs direct effect on thyroid gland.…”

Basic principles of toxicological evaluation of mixtures

“…U novijoj luteraturi se može naći i određen broj radova koji se bave ispitivanjem dvokomponentnih smeša, i to ispitivanjem toksičnosti smeša koje sadrže dva predstavnika jedne grupe hemikalija, kao što su na primer metali (18,19), ali i ispitivanja smeša koje sadrže komponente različitih toksikokinetičkih i toksikodinamičkih osobina, često sa ciljem definisanja međusobnih efekata komponenata, prisustva i tipa interakcija među komponentama na mestima toksičnog dejstva smeša (20,21,22,23).…”

T-screen and yeast assay for the detection of the thyroid-disrupting activities of cadmium, mercury, and zinc

“…For example, Zn is required for the proper function of 1,5′-deiodinase, which is the enzyme required for the conversion of thyroxine (T 4 ) into triiodothyronine (T 3 ). Another metal, Cd, has been reported to inhibit thyroid function and induce thyroid dysfunction (Buha et al 2013;Gupta et al 1997;Gupta and Kar 1999). Furthermore, there is literature data supporting the hypothesis that the direct influence of toxic heavy metals, for example manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and Zn, on thyrocytes plays a role in thyroid cancer etiology (Yaman et al 2007).…”

“…Heavy metals have the ability to cause detrimental health effects by affecting reproduction, fertility, as well as the immune and neuronal systems, and by leading to carcinogenesis (Shiue 2015;Martins et al 2014). In the last 15 years, the potential health threat posed by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has come to the forefront of toxicology and represents a major concern among the public community (Buha et al 2013). Several studies based on in vitro and in vivo assays have revealed that heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and zinc (Zn), act as potential EDCs by activating estrogen receptor (ER) and modulating the estrogenic activity of endogenous hormones (Denier et al 2009;Isidori et al 2010;Ali et al 2010).…”