The Impact of Replacement of Concentrates with Fermented Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) and Avocado Waste (Persea americana miller) in Fermented Sugarcane Shoots (Saccharum Officinarum) Based Rations on Consumption, Digestibility, and Production Perform

Abstract

Fermented sugarcane shoots are used as energy sources, and fermented tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) as a forage protein source in Kacang goat rations. Avocado waste to optimize rumen bioprocessing. This research aimed to obtain good performance from Kacang goats through appropriate ration formulation based on fermented forage (sugarcane shoots and tithonia) with avocado waste. This formulation is expected to minimize the use of concentrate in the ration. This study used 16 male Kacang goats aged one year, which consisted of four groups based on body weight. The concentrate consists of rice bran, corn, palm kernel cake, salt, and minerals. The treatments were as follows: T0= 35% fermented sugarcane shoots (FSS) + 5% fermented tithonia (FT) + 0% avocado waste (AW) + 60% concentrate, T1= 35% FSS + 9.5% FT + 0.5% AW + 55% concentrate, T2= 35% FSS + 14 % FT + 1% AW + 50% concentrate, T3= 35% FSS + 18.5% FT + 1.5% AW + 45% concentrate. The parameters measured included feed consumption (dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein), nutrient digestibility (dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein), and production performance (body weight gain and feed efficiency). The result showed that the difference in ration composition had a significant effect (P<0.05) on feed consumption, nutrient digestibility, and production performance. This study concluded that the combination of 35% fermented sugarcane shoots +14% fermented tithonia + 1% avocado waste (AW) +50% concentrate resulted in the best feed consumption, nutrient digestibility, and production performance of Kacang goat.

Influence of Protein-Energy Balance on Growth, Production, and Reproduction in Pesisir Heifers

“…feed digestibility. Another factor that determines the high consumption of DM is the palatability and composition of the feed ingredients that make up the ration (Arief et al, 2023a, b;Jamarun et al, 2023;Pazla et al, 2023b). The A1B2 ration is more palatable because the main energy source comes from corn, whereas in the A1B1 and A2B1 treatments, the main energy source comes from rice bran.…”

Exploration of novel eco-friendly techniques to utilize bioactive compounds from household food waste: special reference to food applications

“…Barley waste Phenolic compounds, phytates, β-glucan, insoluble dietary fiber, and vitamin E (Rico et al, 2020;Sharma et al, 2021;Walling et al, 2022;Nassef et al, 2023) Rice bran and husk Tocopherols, bran oil, polyphenols, and γ-oryzanol (Liu et al, 2021 ;Liu et al, 2023) Wheat waste Fat-soluble vitamins, phenolic compounds, oligosaccharides, amino acids, lipid-soluble folic acid, anthocyanins, phytosterols, antioxidants, and peptides (Sharma et al, 2020 ;Liaqat et al, 2021 ;Balli et al, 2022 ;Akram, 2023) Legumes Fatty acids, proteins, phenolic materials, lipids, vitamins, activated carbon, and minerals (Liu et al, 2023) Grape byproducts Flavanols, dietary fiber, grape seed oil, procyanidins, malates, tartaric acid, anthocyanins, tocopherol, pomace oil, single cell protein, oleanolic acid, polyphenols, and citric acid (Martínez-Meza et al, 2021;Carmona-Jiménez et al, 2022;Oliveira et al, 2022;Tapia-Quirós et al, 2022) Apple juice byproduct Fructo-oligosaccharides, aroma compounds, pectinases, procyanidins, citric acid, hydroxycinnamates, lactic acid, epicatechin, phloretin glycosides, butanol, anthocyanins, and anthocyanins (Toledo et al, 2019;Lyu et al, 2020;Shahidi et al, 2022) Citrus waste Organic acids, antioxidants, Hesperidin, phenols, pectin, ethanol, limonene essential oil, narirutin, naringin, and eriocitrin (Meneguzzo et al, 2020;Russo et al, 2021;Carullo et al, 2022;Maqbool et al, 2023;Miah et al, 2023) Avocado byproducts Acerogenins, catechin, phytosterols, epicatechin, starch, chlorogenic acid, edible protein, homogentisic acid, gallic acid, cyanidin 3-glucoside, and phenolic compounds (García-Vargas et al, 2020;Novelina et al, 2022;Martínez-Gutiérrez, 2023;Pazla et al, 2023) Tomato waste Pectin, lycopene, and trans-lycopene (Ajlouni et al, 2020;Górecka et al, 2020;Nagarajan e...…”

The effect of mangrove leaf (Rhizophora apiculata) based diet and fermented tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) on the metabolite status of kacang goats

“…Kacang goats are one type of ruminant livestock that is widely kept by the community because peanut goats have advantages such as having adaptability to the dry season with limited feed availability, and are resistant to various diseases (6). (7) stated that peanut goats are one of the local goats that are widespread throughout the region and have the advantage of being able to adapt to the surrounding natural conditions and have very high reproductive power in a bad environment.…”