The Impact of Reservoir Properties on Pseudo Functions: Upscaling of Relative Permeability

Abstract

Relative permeability is the most challenging parameter during the scale-up process. Dynamic pseudoization approaches are the best methods for upscaling of relative permeability. However, dynamic pseudo functions are dependent to some reservoir properties. In this study, the effects of absolute permeability, PVT properties, vertical to horizontal permeability ratio, and reservoir dip angle on three dynamic pseudo functions of Kyte and Berry, Stone, and transmissibility weight were investigated. Different reservoir properties on a 2-D cross-sectional heterogeneous model were studied. Between the properties were studied, the ratio of vertical to horizontal permeability had the most pronounced impact on all dynamic pseudo functions. Dip angle also had an intensive effect on Stone pseudos.

State of the Art on Relative Permeability Hysteresis in Porous Media: Petroleum Engineering Application

“…Relative permeability measurements of hydrogen-water system in Berea sandstone, conducted by Lysyy et al [101], showed a significant effect of hysteresis on the curves of water and hydrogen relative permeability. Hashemi et al's [102] PNM results indicate that due to the disconnect of hydrogen phase after residual water and secondary imbibition in porous media, the relative permeability values of secondary drainage are lower than primary drainage. However, hysteresis effects remain unchanged with more cycle occurrences.…”