The Impact of Resistance Training on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and Functional Fitness in Older Women (45–80 Years): A Systematic Review (2010–2020)

Ransdell, Lynda B.; Wayment, Heidi A.; Lopez, Nanette V.; Lorts, Cori; Schwartz, Anna L.; Pugliesi, Karen; Pohl, Patricia S.; Bycura, Dierdra; Camplain, Ricky

doi:10.3390/women1030014

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The rapid decline in muscular strength experienced by women during menopause makes them highly susceptible to sarcopenia and its associated consequences (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)9,56). A recent systematic review has shown that RT can bring positive benefits to muscular strength and physical performance in postmenopausal women (10). However, it is crucial to recognize the importance of optimizing muscular strength and physical performance through an appropriate exercise program in determining an individual's functional reserve later in life and reducing the impact on healthcare costs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Different Load Intensity Transition Schemes on Muscular Strength and Physical Performance in Postmenopausal Women

Carneiro

Kassiano

Oliveira-Júnior

et al. 2023

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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PurposeIn postmenopausal women, optimizing muscular strength and physical performance through proper resistance training (RT) is crucial in achieving optimal functional reserve later in life. This study aimed to compare if a higher-load-to-lower-load (HL-to-LL) scheme is more effective than a lower-load-to-higher-load (LL-to-HL) scheme on muscular strength and physical performance in postmenopausal women after 12 and 24 wk of RT.MethodsTwenty-four postmenopausal women were randomized into two groups: LL-to-HL (n = 12, 27–31 repetitions maximum (RM) in the first 12 wk, and 8–12RM in the last 12 wk) or HL-to-LL (n = 12, 8–12RM during the first 12 wk, and 27–31RM in the last 12 wk). Muscular dynamic (1RM test) and isometric strength (MIVC) and functional tests (sit-to-stand power, 400-m walking, and 6-min walking) were analyzed at baseline, after 12 and 24 wk.ResultsDifferent load intensity transition schemes resulted in enhancements (P < 0.05) in dynamic (45° leg press: LL-to-HL = 21.98% vs HL-to-LL = 16.07%; leg extension: LL-to-HL = 23.25% vs HL-to-LL = 16.28%; leg curl: LL-to-HL = 23.89% vs HL-to-LL = 13.34%) and isometric strength (LL-to-HL = 14.63% vs HL-to-LL = 19.42%), sit-to-stand power (LL-to-HL = 7.32% vs HL-to-LL = 0%), and walking speed (400-m test: LL-to-HL = 3.30% vs HL-to-LL = 5.52%; 6-min test: LL-to-HL = 4.44% vs HL-to-LL = 5.55%) after 24 wk of RT, without differences between groups (P > 0.05). However, only the HL increased the dynamic strength in 45° leg press and leg extension and sit-to-stand power. Moreover, walking speed changes were more strongly correlated with the changes in MIVC (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOur results indicate that both load intensity transition schemes produce similar improvements in muscular strength and physical performance in postmenopausal women after 24 wk of RT. However, the HL was more effective in increasing 45° leg press and leg extension strength, as well as power (mainly when performed after the LL), whereas having little effect on leg curl strength, isometric strength, and walking speed. Our findings suggest that although an HL makes a muscle isotonically stronger, it may have limited impact on isometric strength and walking speed in postmenopausal women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resistance training (RT) has been established as a means of mitigating the negative impacts of women aging on muscular strength and physical performance (10). However, the most appropriate RT scheme for optimizing muscular strength and physical performance gains remains elusive.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Different Load Intensity Transition Schemes on Muscular Strength and Physical Performance in Postmenopausal Women

Carneiro

Kassiano

Oliveira-Júnior

et al. 2023

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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“…Three main factors contribute to muscle strength. Muscle strength is proportional to muscle cross-sectional area and neuromuscular activity and inversely proportional to pain [ 22 , 23 ]. The significantly lower muscle strength in this study was probably due to an increase in pain rather than a decrease in muscle cross-sectional area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Asymmetry of Strength and Dynamic Balance Kinetics in Middle-Ages with Adhesive Capsulitis of the Hip

Choi

Kim

2022

IJERPH

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The representative clinical features of adhesive capsulitis of the hip (ACH) are restricted range of motion (ROM) and pain. However, reports on kinetics such as strength and dynamic balance that explain physical functions are rare. This study compared subjective hip scores using Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) and ROM using a manual goniometer as well as strength using isokinetic equipment, and dynamic balance through the Y-balance test, between patients with ACH and healthy individuals. Data of 193 middle-aged participants (men: 99 and women: 94) were analyzed. The ACH group scored significantly lower in all six HAGOS sub-sections. Hip joint flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation ROM were significantly lower in ACH compared to healthy group. These results were the same for men and women. In the strength of men and women, flexion, adduction, and abduction, and dynamic balance in all three directions were significantly decreased in ACH. Meanwhile, there were no significant between-group differences in the functional decrease in extension and adduction of ROM, and extension strength. In conclusion, subjective evaluation and dynamic balance of patients with ACH were decreased in the all parts. In ROM, flexion, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation were restricted except for extension and adduction. Men and women with ACH maintained extensor strength, but had weakened strength in flexion, adduction and abduction. This information will be useful for therapists to understand the biomechanical properties of ACH and to design effective rehabilitation programs.

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“…In summary, there is insu cient evidence to provide speci c guidelines for older women, including pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal women, to optimize MM and strength gain [30]. Furthermore, the hormonal status of the participants was not or insu ciently determined before enrollment [37] and there is a lack of data on the effects of free-weight RT for middle-aged women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free weight resistance training alters body composition in middle-aged women depending on menopause - A 20-week control trial study

Isenmann,

Kaluza,

Havers

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Resistance training (RT) is effective in counteracting the age- and menopause-related loss of muscle mass (MM) and strength in middle-aged women (40-60 years). Research on RT with free weights in this population is limited in pre- and postmenopausal women. Based on this, a 20-week training intervention was conducted with middle-aged women to investigate the effects of systematic strength training with free weights on strength capacity and body composition. Method: Forty-one healthy women (52.0±3.6 years) participated in this study. A 10-week control phase (no strength training, T0-T1) was followed by a 10-week intervention phase (T1-T2) with RT twice a week and 6-8 sets of each muscle per week. Subjects were randomly assigned to a low-intensity (50% 1-RM) or moderate-intensity (75% 1-RM) RT group and divided into pre-menopausal (PreMeno) and post-menopausal (PostMeno) according to their hormone profile. Fat-free mass (FFM), MM, fat mass (FM), muscle thickness (Vastus lateralis (VL), Rectus femoris (RF), Triceps brachii (TB), grip strength, 1-RM squat and bench press were assessed before and after each phase. Statistical analysis was used a linear mixed model to account for fixed (time and group) and random effects (individual). Results: A total of 31 women successfully completed the study. No injuries occurred during the intervention. Significant increases in 1-RM were observed in all groups. No interaction effect was observed for the strength parameters. In premenopausal women, FFM, MM and RF muscle thickness increased significantly, while VL showed a trend. These effects were not present in postmenopausal women regardless of RT intensity. Conclusion: RT with free weight is safe and effective for middle-aged women to increase 1-RM. Hypertrophy effects were found exclusively in premenopausal women. To achieve hypertrophy and/or body composition changes in postmenopausal women, larger training volumes (>6-8 sets/muscle per week) are likely required.

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The Impact of Resistance Training on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and Functional Fitness in Older Women (45–80 Years): A Systematic Review (2010–2020)

Cited by 12 publications

References 65 publications

Effect of Different Load Intensity Transition Schemes on Muscular Strength and Physical Performance in Postmenopausal Women

Effect of Different Load Intensity Transition Schemes on Muscular Strength and Physical Performance in Postmenopausal Women

Biomechanical Asymmetry of Strength and Dynamic Balance Kinetics in Middle-Ages with Adhesive Capsulitis of the Hip

Free weight resistance training alters body composition in middle-aged women depending on menopause - A 20-week control trial study

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