The Impact of RNA Interference in Tick Research

Fuente, José de la; Kocan, Katherine M.

doi:10.3390/pathogens11080827

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…RNAi interference is a widely used technique in addressing the role of tick genes in blood feeding and pathogen interactions [16,17,20,35,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. Our study provided evidence for the use of an in vitro feeding system to knockdown gene expression in O. turicata americanus ticks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Anti-tick vaccine candidate subolesin is important for blood feeding and innate immune gene expression in soft ticks

Nandy,

Tamakloe,

Sonenshine

et al. 2023

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Subolesin is a conserved molecule in both hard and soft ticks and is considered as an effective candidate molecule for the development of anti-tick vaccine. Previous studies have reported the role of subolesin in blood feeding, reproduction, development, and gene expression in hard ticks. However, studies addressing the role of subolesin in soft ticks are limited. In this study, we report that subolesin is not only important in soft tick Ornithodoros turicata americanus blood feeding but also in the regulation of innate immune gene expression in these ticks. We identified and characterized several putative innate immune genes including Toll, Lysozyme precursor (Lp), fibrinogen-domain containing protein (FDP), cystatin and ML-domain containing protein (MLD) in O. turicata americanus ticks. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed the expression of these genes in both O. turicata americanus salivary glands and midgut and in all developmental stages of these soft ticks. Significantly increased expression of fdp was noted in salivary glands and midgut upon O. turicata americanus blood feeding. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated knockdown of O. turicata americanus subolesin expression affected blood feeding and innate immune gene expression in these ticks. Significant downregulation of toll, lp, fdp, cystatin, and mld transcripts was evident in sub-dsRNA-treated ticks when compared to the levels noted in mock-dsRNA-treated control. Collectively, our study not only reports identification and characterization of various innate immune genes in O. turicata americanus ticks but also provides evidence on the role of subolesin in blood feeding and innate immune gene expression in these medically important ticks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Anti-tick vaccine candidate subolesin is important for blood feeding and innate immune gene expression in soft ticks

Nandy,

Tamakloe,

Sonenshine

et al. 2023

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…The first was BmTI, purified from R. microplus larvae extracts, which elicited a protective immune response in vaccinated cattle with 72.8% efficacy and a 69.7% reduction in the number of adult females completing the parasitic phase of the life cycle [ 97 ]. However, when a synthetic peptide designed from BmTI N-terminal fragment was used in similar conditions, it offered only 18.4% protection against tick infestation in cattle [ 98 ]. Immunization of cattle with another trypsin inhibitor from R. microplus larvae (rRmLT), which resembles the three-headed Kunitz-type inhibitor BmTI-6, showed 32% efficacy against cattle tick infestation [ 99 ].…”

Section: Kunitz-type Inhibitors Used As Vaccine Antigens Against Tick...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick Salivary Kunitz-Type Inhibitors: Targeting Host Hemostasis and Immunity to Mediate Successful Blood Feeding

Jmel

Voet

Araújo

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Kunitz domain-containing proteins are ubiquitous serine protease inhibitors with promising therapeutic potential. They target key proteases involved in major cellular processes such as inflammation or hemostasis through competitive inhibition in a substrate-like manner. Protease inhibitors from the Kunitz superfamily have a low molecular weight (18–24 kDa) and are characterized by the presence of one or more Kunitz motifs consisting of α-helices and antiparallel β-sheets stabilized by three disulfide bonds. Kunitz-type inhibitors are an important fraction of the protease inhibitors found in tick saliva. Their roles in inhibiting and/or suppressing host homeostatic responses continue to be shown to be additive or synergistic with other protease inhibitors such as cystatins or serpins, ultimately mediating successful blood feeding for the tick. In this review, we discuss the biochemical features of tick salivary Kunitz-type protease inhibitors. We focus on their various effects on host hemostasis and immunity at the molecular and cellular level and their potential therapeutic applications. In doing so, we highlight that their pharmacological properties can be exploited for the development of novel therapies and vaccines.

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Effect of Silencing subolesin and enolase impairs gene expression, engorgement and reproduction in Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks

Haque,

Islam,

You

2024

J Vet Sci

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The Impact of RNA Interference in Tick Research

Cited by 3 publications

References 77 publications

Anti-tick vaccine candidate subolesin is important for blood feeding and innate immune gene expression in soft ticks

Anti-tick vaccine candidate subolesin is important for blood feeding and innate immune gene expression in soft ticks

Tick Salivary Kunitz-Type Inhibitors: Targeting Host Hemostasis and Immunity to Mediate Successful Blood Feeding

Effect of Silencing subolesin and enolase impairs gene expression, engorgement and reproduction in Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks

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