The impact of Rotavirus mass vaccination on hospitalization rates, nosocomial Rotavirus gastroenteritis and secondary blood stream infections

Abstract

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of universal mass vaccination (UMV) against rotavirus (RV) on the hospitalization rates, nosocomial RV infections and RV-gastroenteritis (GE)-associated secondary blood stream infections (BSI).MethodsThe retrospective evaluation (2002–2009) by chart analysis included all clinically diagnosed and microbiologically confirmed RV-GE cases in a large tertiary care hospital in Austria. The pre-vaccination period (2002–2005) was compared with the recommended and early funded (2006–2007) and the funded (2008–2009) vaccination periods. Primary outcomes were RV-GE-associated hospitalizations, secondary outcomes nosocomial RV disease, secondary BSI and direct hospitalization costs for children and their accompanying persons.ResultsIn 1,532 children with RV-GE, a significant reduction by 73.9% of hospitalized RV-GE cases per year could be observed between the pre-vaccination and the funded vaccination period, which was most pronounced in the age groups 0–11 months (by 87.8%), 6–10 years (by 84.2%) and 11–18 years (88.9%). In the funded vaccination period, a reduction by 71.9% of nosocomial RV-GE cases per year was found compared to the pre-vaccination period. Fatalities due to nosocomial RV-GE were only observed in the pre-vaccination period (3 cases). Direct costs of hospitalized, community-acquired RV-GE cases per year were reduced by 72.7% in the funded vaccination period. The reduction of direct costs for patients (by 86.9%) and accompanying persons (86.2%) was most pronounced in the age group 0–11 months.ConclusionsUMV may have contributed to the significant decrease of RV-GE-associated hospitalizations, to a reduction in nosocomial RV infections and RV-associated morbidity due to secondary BSI and reduced direct hospitalization costs. The reduction in nosocomial cases is an important aspect considering severe disease courses in hospitalized patients with co-morbidities and death due to nosocomial RV-GE.

Decline in rotavirus hospitalizations following the first three years of vaccination in Castile-La Mancha, Spain

“…[24][25][26][27] The trend described in CLM resembles that noted for Spain as a whole. [10][11][12][13] 29,30 This means a 73% annual reduction of direct costs of RH. In European regions of low to moderate commercialization of the new vaccine, the reduction of IR under 2 y of age was 25-36% when comparing the periods 2008-11 and 2004-06, 31 similar to the decrease in Spain.…”

Adenovirus, Norovirus and Rotavirus in Etiology of Children with Acute Gastroenteritis Applying to Istanbul American Hospital

“…Çalışmamızda da cinsiyet farklılığı olmadığı gözlemlenmiş-tir (p>0.05). Literatüre bakıldığında, yurt dışında yapılan çalışmalarda da, rotavirus aşılamasıyla birlikte diare ve rotavirus spesifik hospitalizasyon yapılan vakalarda dramatik bir düşüş olduğu bildirilmektedir (23,27) . Çalışmamızda gastroenterit etkenleri en sık olarak 2-4 yaş arasında görülmektedir.…”

The Burden of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis, as the Rationale for Routine Vaccination

“…был выявлен популяционный эффект вакцина-ции. Кроме того, снизилось внутрибольничное распро-странение данной инфекции [13]. По данным комитета по контролю заболеваний США, массовая иммунизация против ротавирусной инфекции в течение 2007-2011 гг.…”