The Impact of Routine Inquiry Laws on Organ Donation

Andersen, Kathleen S.; Fox, Daniel M.

doi:10.1377/hlthaff.7.5.65

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Polls show that 99% of Americans are aware of transplantation, and over 75% say they would donate their organs if asked (10–12). Unfortunately, required request laws have had little impact on the rate of consent to organ donation (13–16). A study by Siminoff et al in 1995 (3) demonstrated that, on average, 85% of donor‐eligible patients' families in two national regions were given the donation option, but only 48% actually consented.…”

Section: Consent To Organ Donationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organ donation in the United States

Nathan

Conrad

Held

et al. 2003

American Journal of Transplantation

120

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Section: Consent To Organ Donationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organ donation in the United States

Nathan

Conrad

Held

et al. 2003

American Journal of Transplantation

120

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“…Psychology can provide important input to the development of proposed laws designed to encourage organ donation within acceptable philosophical and legal boundaries. The most common procedural change proposed is a required request for organ donation (Andersen & Fox, 1988;Francisco, 1987;Martyn, Wright, & Clark, 1988;Weedn & Leveque, 1988). The public's reactions to the concept of required request, however, have yet to be investigated.…”

Section: Legal Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Why psychological research on organ donation?

Shanteau¹,

Harris²

1992

Organ Donation and Transplantation: Psychological and Behavioral Factors.

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skilled surgeons or even of money but rather to a shortage of organs available for transplantation. In part, the shortfall reflects an increase in the number of patients who might benefit from a transplant, due to better screening and improved immunosuppressant drugs (Caplan, 1984). The major reason for the shortage, however, is simply a lack of sufficient donors.The ramifications of this shortage are tragic. In 1980 alone, approximately 14,000 people died because they did not receive needed heart transplants (Evans, Manninen, Gersh, Hart, & Rodin, 1984). The American Council on Transplantation estimated that there were 13,000 patients needing a kidney transplant on any given day in 1988 (Clark, Robinson, & Wickelgren, 1988). The need for other organs such as pancreas, liver, bone marrow, corneas, lungs, and skin, is also high, with around 10,000 people waiting for organs to become available (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1988). Potential transplant recipients may wait for years, if they survive, before a suitable donor organ can be found. Unfortunately, the longer the delay, the greater the probability of medical complications.These shortages do not appear to be due to lack of potential organs that are suitable for donation. One estimate concluded that only about 3,000 out of an estimated 23,000 organs that could be donated were in fact donated (Warmbrodt & Koch, 1985). Even a modest increase in the rate of donation would go a long way toward reducing this shortage because a single donor can provide over a dozen viable organs and tissues for transplantation. The central question is: Why are there so few decisions to donate?One common answer in the medical literature is that lack of knowledge about the need for donors is responsible for the shortage. Accordingly, considerable effort has been made in recent years to increase awareness, even sympathy, regarding the plight of potential organ recipients (e.g.,

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“…This discrepancy might not be realized by doctors and transplant coordinators, and may be the reason why very few present the option of organ donation to the family of brain-dead patients. The United States Routine Inquiry Laws on Organ Donation (required request laws) request consent of potential candidates or their families for donation or at least inform people of the option [22]. In European countries, in-house donor coordinators ask potential donors' families to donate organs in terms of transplant procurement management [23].…”

Section: Deceased Organ Donationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status and future aspects of kidney transplantation in Japan

Aikawa

2018

Ren Replace Ther

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In Japan, there are very few cases of organ donation, including kidneys. The number of deceased donor kidney transplants (DDKTs) is much less than that of other developed Asian and Western countries, although donation after brain death is increasing slowly. Living donor kidney transplants (LDKTs) are more popular than DDKTs in Japan. However, the number of LDKTs per million population was still less than that in Korea, the UK, and the USA. Living donor ABO-incompatible kidney transplants have been performed in Japan since 1989, and longterm outcomes proved similar to those for ABO-compatible kidney transplants. Preemptive kidney transplants comprised 30% of LDKTs. In spite of the small number of kidney transplants, patient, and graft survival rates in Japan are superior to those of any other country. The infusion of regulatory T cells may induce immunotolerance in kidney transplants although acute rejection frequently occurred when immunosuppression was withdrawn and anti-donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) production could not always be suppressed. Combined kidney and bone marrow transplantation may induce immunotolerance, although a few recipients produced DSA. Kidney regeneration has become a reality. Nephron progenitor cells have been generated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells, readily reconstituting three-dimensional nephrons, including vascularized glomeruli with podocytes. The niche method has been used to generate kidney, urinary tract, and bladder tissue. Many Japanese scientists are researching kidney regeneration, and a kidney regenerated from a recipient's cells could be transplanted without immunosuppression in the near future.

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The Impact of Routine Inquiry Laws on Organ Donation

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Organ donation in the United States

Organ donation in the United States

Why psychological research on organ donation?

Current status and future aspects of kidney transplantation in Japan

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