The impact of scrubber discharge on the water quality in estuaries and ports

Teuchies, Johannes; Cox, Tom J. S.; Itterbeeck, Katrien Van; Meysman, Filip J. R.; Blust, Ronny

doi:10.1186/s12302-020-00380-z

Cited by 67 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…the stripping of the contaminated combustion air with seawater. The stripping efficiency depends on the alkalinity of the sea water, which eventually ends up contaminated in the Baltic Sea (Endres et al, 2018;Teuchies et al, 2020) and may increase acidification (Turner et al, 2018). Possible impacts by sea level change on shipping could be the modification of fairways/shipping routes.…”

Section: Impacts Of Climate Change On Other Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human impacts and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region

et al. 2022

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Abstract. Coastal environments, in particular heavily populated semi-enclosed marginal seas and coasts like the Baltic Sea region, are strongly affected by human activities. A multitude of human impacts, including climate change, affect the different compartments of the environment, and these effects interact with each other. As part of the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports (BEAR), we present an inventory and discussion of different human-induced factors and processes affecting the environment of the Baltic Sea region, and their interrelations. Some are naturally occurring and modified by human activities (i.e. climate change, coastal processes, hypoxia, acidification, submarine groundwater discharges, marine ecosystems, non-indigenous species, land use and land cover), some are completely human-induced (i.e. agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries, river regulations, offshore wind farms, shipping, chemical contamination, dumped warfare agents, marine litter and microplastics, tourism, and coastal management), and they are all interrelated to different degrees. We present a general description and analysis of the state of knowledge on these interrelations. Our main insight is that climate change has an overarching, integrating impact on all of the other factors and can be interpreted as a background effect, which has different implications for the other factors. Impacts on the environment and the human sphere can be roughly allocated to anthropogenic drivers such as food production, energy production, transport, industry and economy. The findings from this inventory of available information and analysis of the different factors and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region can largely be transferred to other comparable marginal and coastal seas in the world.

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Section: Impacts Of Climate Change On Other Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human impacts and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region

et al. 2022

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“…Internal seawater systems are also used for steam condensers, general service (i.e., deck wash and toilets), lubrication oil and fuel oil cooling, cargo pump turbines, some specialty functions on certain ship types, and exhaust scrubber systems (Andreasen and Mayer, 2007;Kongsberg, 2014). Exhaust scrubber systems are a relatively recent innovation used to remove nitrogen oxides (NO x ), sulfur oxides (SO x ), and particulate matter from ships' exhaust emissions to adhere with recent regulations from the International Maritime Organization (Ji, 2020;Teuchies et al, 2020). In these systems, the natural alkalinity of sea water is used to remove SO 2 , for example, from the exhaust plume, producing an increase in the amount of sulfate in discharged sea water (Andreasen and Mayer, 2007).…”

Section: Other Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cleaner exhaust gas is emitted, while the scrubbing effluent (liquid) is further treated or discharged overboard (Issa et al, 2019). Open-loop scrubber systems are considered effective and dominate the market but require large pumping capacities to maintain high amounts of water passing through the system (Teuchies et al, 2020). However, the amount and possible impacts of contaminants in discharged effluent are being further scrutinized (Teuchies et al, 2020) and a growing number of jurisdictions have restricted or banned scrubber effluent discharge in their waters (Britannia P&I, 2020).…”

Section: Other Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Biofouling of Ships’ Internal Seawater Systems

et al. 2021

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Internal seawater systems (ISS) are critical to the proper functioning of maritime vessels. Sea water is pumped on board ships for a broad array of uses, primarily for temperature control (e.g., engine and electrical systems), cooling capacity (e.g., air conditioners and refrigeration), and water provision (e.g., drinking, firefighting, steam, and ballast). Although sea water may spend only a brief period within ISS of a vessel, it can carry microorganisms and larval stages of macroorganisms throughout the system leading to biofouling accumulation that can impair system function or integrity. ISS can also act as a sub-vector of species translocations, potentially facilitating biological invasions. This review describes ships’ ISS with a focus on operational impacts of biofouling and current drivers and barriers associated with ISS biofouling management. As ISS internal components are difficult to access, reports and studies of ISS biofouling are uncommon and much of the dedicated literature is decades old. The impact of biofouling on ISS and vessel operations is based on increased surface roughness of pipework and equipment, restricted water flow, corrosion and subsequent component impingement, reduced surface functional efficiency, and potential contamination by pathogens that can affect human and aquatic animal health. Biofouling management is primarily achieved using antifouling coatings and marine growth prevention systems, but independent and accessible data on their efficacy in ISS remain limited. Further research is required to resolve the extent to which biofouling occurs in ISS of the modern commercial fleet and the efficacy of preventive systems. Such information can ultimately inform decisions to improve operational efficiency for vessel operators and ensure any biosecurity risks are appropriately managed.

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“…the stripping of the contaminated combustion air with seawater. The stripping efficiency depends on the alkalinity of the sea water, which eventually ends up contaminated in the Baltic Sea (Endres et al, 2018;Teuchies et al, 2020), and may increase 515 acidification (Turner et al, 2018). Possible impacts by sea level change on shipping could be the modification of fairways/shipping routes.…”

Section: The Impact Matrix Of Interrelationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…estimated to reduce pH with an additional 0.0001 pH units per year (Turner et al, 2018). Confined water areas, like estuaries and ports, may experience larger reductions (up to 0.015 pH units, Teuchies et al, 2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human impacts and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region

Reckermann

Omstedt

Soomere

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Coastal environments, in particular heavily populated semi-enclosed marginal seas and coasts like the Baltic Sea region, are stongly affected by human activities. A multitude of human impacts, including climate change, affects the different compartments of the environment, and these effects interact with each other. As part of the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports (BEAR), we present an inventory and discussion of different human-induced factors and processes affecting the environment of the Baltic Sea region, and their interrelations. Some are naturally occurring and modified by human activities (i.e. climate change, coastal processes, hypoxia, acidification, submarine groundwater discharges, marine ecosystems, non-indigenous species, land use and land cover), some are completely human-induced (i.e. agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries, river regulations, offshore wind farms, shipping, chemical contamination, dumped warfare agents, marine litter and microplastics, tourism, coastal management), and they are all interrelated to different degrees. We present a general description and analysis of the state of knowledge on these interrelations. Our main insight is that climate change has an overarching, integrating impact on all of the other factors and can be interpreted as a background effect, which has different implications for the other factors. Impacts on the environment and the human sphere can be roughly allocated to anthropogenic drivers such as food production, energy production, transport, industry and economy. We conclude that a sound management and regulation of human activities must be implemented in order to use and keep the environments and ecosystems of the Baltic Sea region sustainably in a good shape. This must balance the human needs, which exert tremendous pressures on the systems, as humans are the overwhelming driving force for almost all changes we see. The findings from this inventory of available information and analysis of the different factors and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region can largely be transferred to other comparable marginal and coastal seas in the world.

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The impact of scrubber discharge on the water quality in estuaries and ports

Cited by 67 publications

References 40 publications

Human impacts and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region

Human impacts and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region

A Review of Biofouling of Ships’ Internal Seawater Systems

Human impacts and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region

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