The impact of sex and gender on immunotherapy outcomes

Klein, Sabra L.; Morgan, Rosemary

doi:10.1186/s13293-020-00301-y

Cited by 145 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…Using a mouse model of SARS-CoV infection, Channappanavar et al showed that male mice are more susceptible to SARS-CoV infection than female mice. The enhanced susceptibility of male mice to SARS-CoV correlated with a moderate increase in virus titer and extensive inflammatory monocyte macrophages and neutrophil accumulation in the lungs [87].…”

Section: Sex-related Issues In Elderly Covid-19 Patientsmentioning

confidence: 94%

COVID-19 and the elderly: insights into pathogenesis and clinical decision-making

et al. 2020

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The elderly may represent a specific cluster of high-risk patients for developing COVID-19 with rapidly progressive clinical deterioration. Indeed, in older individuals, immunosenescence and comorbid disorders are more likely to promote viralinduced cytokine storm resulting in life-threatening respiratory failure and multisystemic involvement. Early diagnosis and individualized therapeutic management should be developed for elderly subjects based on personal medical history and polypharmacotherapy. Our review examines the pathogenesis and clinical implications of ageing in COVID-19 patients; finally, we discuss the evidence and controversies in the management in the long-stay residential care homes and aspects of end-of-life care for elderly patients with COVID-19.

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Section: Sex-related Issues In Elderly Covid-19 Patientsmentioning

confidence: 94%

COVID-19 and the elderly: insights into pathogenesis and clinical decision-making

et al. 2020

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“…Furthermore, worst might be the expected risks of severe symptomatic adverse effects experienced by women after immunotherapy due to their stronger immune responses [213,214]. Nonetheless, because of the short follow up of immunotherapy, some discrepancy still exist in regard to this point [215].…”

Section: Sex Differences and Response To Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and Gender Disparities in Melanoma

Bellenghi

Puglisi

Pontecorvi

et al. 2020

Cancers

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Worldwide, the total incidence of cutaneous melanoma is higher in men than in women, with some differences related to ethnicity and age and, above all, sex and gender. Differences exist in respect to the anatomic localization of melanoma, in that it is more frequent on the trunk in men and on the lower limbs in women. A debated issue is if—and to what extent—melanoma development can be attributed to gender-specific behaviors or to biologically intrinsic differences. In the search for factors responsible for the divergences, a pivotal role of sex hormones has been observed, although conflicting results indicate the involvement of other mechanisms. The presence on the X chromosome of numerous miRNAs and coding genes playing immunological roles represents another important factor, whose relevance can be even increased by the incomplete X chromosome random inactivation. Considering the known advantages of the female immune system, a different cancer immune surveillance efficacy was suggested to explain some sex disparities. Indeed, the complexity of this picture emerged when the recently developed immunotherapies unexpectedly showed better improvements in men than in women. Altogether, these data support the necessity of further studies, which consider enrolling a balanced number of men and women in clinical trials to better understand the differences and obtain actual gender-equitable healthcare.

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“…Social differences can serve as disease and treatment modifiers [ 48 ]. Many drug interactions are previously acknowledged to be different in sociological variables [ 49 ].…”

Section: Roles Of Sociological Factors and Sex/gender In Cpi Efficmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Confounders of Cancer Immunotherapy: Roles of Lifestyle, Metabolic Disorders and Sociological Factors

Deshpande

Sharma

Watabe

2020

Cancers

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Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy (CPI) is an effective treatment option for many types of cancers. Irrespective of its wide clinical implications, the overall efficacy remains unpredictable and even poor in certain pathologies such as breast cancer. Thus, it is imperative to understand the role of factors affecting its responsiveness. In this review, we provide an overview on the involvement of sociological factors, lifestyles and metabolic disorders in modulating the CPI response in patients from multiple malignancies. Lifestyle habits including exercise, and diet promoted therapeutic responsiveness while alcohol consumption mitigated the CPI effect by decreasing mutational burden and hampering antigen presentation by dendritic cells. Metabolic disorder such as obesity was recognized to enhance the PD-1 expression while diabetes and hypertension were consequences of CPI therapy rather than causes. Among the sociologic factors, sex and race positively influenced the CPI effectiveness on account of increased effector T cell activity and increased PD-1 expression while ageing impaired CPI responsiveness by decreasing functional T cell and increased toxicity. The combined effect of these factors was observed for obesity and gender, in which obese males had the most significant effect of CPI. Therefore these variables should be carefully considered before treating patients with CPI for optimal treatment outcome.

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The impact of sex and gender on immunotherapy outcomes

Cited by 145 publications

References 83 publications

COVID-19 and the elderly: insights into pathogenesis and clinical decision-making

COVID-19 and the elderly: insights into pathogenesis and clinical decision-making

Sex and Gender Disparities in Melanoma

The Confounders of Cancer Immunotherapy: Roles of Lifestyle, Metabolic Disorders and Sociological Factors

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