“…Previous research, however, has shown that real-world reporting of side effects is associated with perceptions of reduced treatment efficacy (e.g., Faasse et al, 2009;MacKrill et al, 2019) while experimentally, nocebo effects tend to emerge in studies where there is limited evidence of a placebo effect (e.g., Faasse et al, 2013Faasse et al, , 2015Faasse et al, , 2016. If such an inverse association exists, then interventions that aim to increase the placebo effect, such as those that tailor positive treatment information, harness learning mechanisms, or present personal recounts from other patients (e.g., Darnall & Colloca, 2018;Enck et al, 2013;Faasse et al, 2017;Kube et al, 2018), and interventions that aim to reduce the nocebo effect, such as those that employ attribute framing, increase choice over treatment, or deploy nocebo education (e.g., Barnes et al, 2019;Barnes, Faasse, & Colagiuri, 2023;Pan et al, 2019;Tang et al, 2022), may be able to counteract the effect of lowwarmth interactions.…”