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At the time of discharge, patients and family caregivers were provided with educational booklets including all the training content and were asked to apply the educational strategies at home. Standard care (no additional details) | Borji et al 21 | Semi-experimental | Caregivers were the family members of patients with HF hospitalised in two parts (CCU 1, CCU 2) in Shahid Mostafa Hospital in Ilam city in Iran (n=71) | Caregiver only | In-person only | Education | Spiritual intervention over six 45-minute sessions during a period of 2 weeks (14 days; three times a week; every other day). Spiritual care included topics such as trust, patience, friendship, forgiveness, recitation, and praying | Standard care (no additional details) |
Bakitas et al 31 | Pilot clinical (single arm) | Study participants were recruited from cardiology clinics at 1) Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Centre (DHMC), Lebanon, NH, which serves a largely rural, white population in a state ranked lowest in religiosity, and 2) the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, which serves a diverse rural-urban population that includes a large proportion of Blacks/African-Americans in a state ranked highest in religiosity Patient inclusion criteria: 1) diagnosis of NYH Class III/IV and/or AHA Stage C/D HF; 2) English speaking; 3) ≥50 years of age; and 4) completion of baseline questionnaires. |
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