The Impact of Structural Reforms on Telecommunications Performance

Evaluating the liberalization process on Telecommunications services for EU countries

“…Xit is a vector of control variables described above 3 . The γt stands for the time fixed effects and ui are the country fixed effects that control for differences across countries (see Agiakloglou and Polemis, 2017).…”

“…See for exampleAgiakloglou and Polemis (2017) andWallsten (2001b), whereas several other studies attempted to analyze the Telecommunications demand using different empirical approaches, see for example,Agiakloglou and Karkalakos (2009),Agiakloglou and Yiannelis (2005),Madden and Savage (2000),Wright (1999),Munoz and Amaral (1998) andPaleologos and Polemis (2013).…”

Evaluating regulatory reform of network industries: a survey of empirical models based on categorical proxies

“…The proper treatment of unobserved heterogeneity or the inclusion of a suitable set of controls might help mitigate such bias. Either fixed or random effects are used to account for unobserved heterogeneity among statistical units (see e.g., Growitsch and Stronzik, 2014;Hattori and Tsustsui, 2004;Gugler et al, 2013;Erdogdu 2011aErdogdu , 2013Koo et al 2012;Agiakloglou and Polemis, 2018).…”

“…While country fixed effects capture a wide array of unobserved characteristics that are fixed in time, researchers sometimes include time-varying explanatory variables accounting for institutional features and the quality of the political system (i.e., measures of impartiality, bureaucratic quality, corruption), judicial and labour market indicators, and economic indicators measuring the involvement of the government in the economy (see Bortolotti et al, 2013;Grajek and Roller, 2012;Gugler et al, 2013;Koo et al 2012;Wallsten, 2001). Two examples are the Fraser index of economic freedom (see e.g., Polemis, 2016;Polemis and Stengos, 2017;Zhang et al, 2018;Agiakloglou and Polemis, 2018;Gwartney et al, 2012) and measures of investors' protection (Bortolotti et al, 2013). Alternatively, interactions between regulatory reform proxies and indicators of institutional quality could be useful to understand how the effectiveness of reforms varies with countries' institutional quality (see e.g., Borghi et al, 2016;Estache et al, 2006).…”

Memórias Individuais E Coletividades: Uma História Oral Da (Privatização Da) Embratel

“…Grande parte das pesquisas na área, entretanto, se debruça sobre o desempenho de empresas privatizadas versus o de estatais, ou do pré versus pósprivatização (p.e., Silvestre et al, 2010;Pina et al, 2014;Bachiller, 2017;Agiakloglou & Polemis, 2018). Somam-se a essas, as pesquisas mencionadas anteriormente que tratam especificamente da Embratel e de outras empresas do sistema Telebrás, com ênfase sobre a mudança organizacional em contextos de privatização e de uma mudança para valores orientados a mercado.…”